Search Results (81)

Although numerous studies have examined the spatial patterns of traditional villages and their driving factors, limited attention has been devoted to the transformation of tourism. This study focused on traditional villages in Shaanxi Province, employing geodetector and grounded theory methods to analyze their spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. First, most traditional villages have not developed tourism. Only 11.98% reached the relatively mature tourism stage. Second, the spatial distribution of mature traditional tourism villages is scattered and primarily clustered in Liuba County, Mizhi County, and Jia County. Third, the factors influencing spatial distribution characteristics include resource endowment, transportation accessibility, and regional economic conditions. Among these factors, the level of traditional villages, village heritage values, and the local tourism environment show the strongest explanatory power. These findings can help enhance cultural resilience, promote economic transformation and upgrading, and support the sustainable development of traditional villages. Full article

Laizhou Bay, a semi-enclosed bay, is prone to storm surges from cold waves due to its geographic and environmental characteristics. This study uses satellite data, in situ measurements, and the MIKE numerical model to analyze storm surges along Laizhou Bay’s coast under no-dike conditions. It examines the surges caused by cold waves with different intensities and directions. This study provides the storm surge disaster risk levels along Laizhou Bay’s coast. The results show that the maximum sustained wind speed during cold waves is distributed between the NW and NE. The NE wind direction causes the most severe storm surge along Laizhou Bay. Under NE-directed cold waves with level 12 wind, the maximum risk areas for Level III and IV are approximately 1341 km² and 1294 km², respectively. Dongying, Shouguang, and Hanting exhibit large Level I and II risk zones. The maximum seawater intrusion distance along the Kenli coast is about 41 km. The coastal segment from Kenli to Changyi is most severely affected by storm surges. It is recommended to effectively maintain and heighten seawalls along this segment to mitigate storm surge disasters caused by strong NE winds. Full article

The Qiangtang Basin (Tibetan Plateau) poses significant geophysical challenges for seismic exploration due to near-surface widespread permafrost and steeply dipping Mesozoic strata induced by the Cenozoic Indo-Eurasian collision. These seismic geological conditions considerably contribute to lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) with complex wavefields, to some extent reducing the reliability of conventional seismic imaging and structural interpretation. To address this, the common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack method, derived from optical paraxial ray theory, is implemented to transcend horizontal layer model constraints, offering substantial improvements in high-SNR prestack gather generation and prestack depth migration (PSDM) imaging, notably for permafrost zones. Using 2D seismic data from the basin, we detailedly compare the CRS stack with conventional SNR enhancement techniques—common midpoint (CMP) FlexBinning, prestack random noise attenuation (PreRNA), and dip moveout (DMO)—evaluating both theoretical foundations and practical performance. The result reveals that CRS-processed prestack gathers yield superior SNR optimization and signal preservation, enabling more robust PSDM velocity model building, while comparative imaging demonstrates enhanced diffraction energy—particularly at medium (20–40%) and long (40–60%) offsets—critical for resolving faults and stratigraphic discontinuities in PSDM. This integrated validation establishes CRS stacking as an effective preprocessing foundation for the depth-domain imaging of complex permafrost geology, providing critical improvements in seismic structural resolution and reduced interpretation uncertainty for hydrocarbon exploration in permafrost-bearing basins. Full article

Postoperative adhesions are a prevalent complication following abdominal surgeries, often leading to significant clinical challenges. This study introduces an innovative solution utilizing a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based triblock copolymer to form an injectable, self-healing hydrogel aimed at preventing these adhesions. The hydrogel, formulated with temperature-responsive and self-healing properties through the incorporation of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) and anion–pi interactions, was synthesized using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The hydrogel’s physical properties, biocompatibility, hemostatic effect, and anti-adhesive capabilities were rigorously tested through in vitro and in vivo experiments involving rat models. It demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, effective tissue adhesion, and robust hemostatic properties. Most notably, it exhibited significant anti-adhesive effects in a rat abdominal wall–cecum model, reducing adhesion formation effectively compared to controls. The PEG-based injectable hydrogel presents a promising approach for postoperative adhesion prevention. Its ability to gel in situ triggered by body heat, coupled with its self-healing properties, provides a substantial advantage in clinical settings, indicating its potential utility as a novel anti-adhesion material. Full article

Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA) is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used for weed control. However, its potential toxic effects on non-target aquatic organisms, especially in freshwater ecosystems, are of growing concern. This study investigates the toxic effects of GLA on Biomphalaria glabrata, a freshwater snail highly sensitive to environmental pollutants and commonly used as a model organism in toxicological studies. Acute toxicity tests revealed that the 96-h LC50 of GLA for adult snails was 3.77 mg/L, indicating moderate toxicity, while the LC50 for embryos was 0.01576 mg/L, indicating extremely high toxicity. Chronic exposure experiments further showed that at high concentrations (0.5 mg/L), the shell diameter and body weight of the snails not only failed to increase but also decreased, and they ceased to lay eggs. Moreover, their hepatopancreas and gonads suffered significant damage. Even at an environmentally relevant concentration of 0.05 mg/L, the body length, body weight, and reproductive capacity of the snails were inhibited, and damage to the hepatopancreas and gonads was observed. These findings provide important data for assessing the potential risks of GLA to aquatic ecosystems and offer a scientific basis for formulating environmental protection policies and optimizing herbicide usage standards. Full article

In the context of rapid urbanization, traditional villages in the Weibei Loess Plateau gully region are facing compounded pressures from social structure disruption and physical space reconstruction. It is urgent to deeply analyze the influence mechanism of social relations on spatial adaptability. This study attempts to construct an analytical framework that couples social relationships with village spatial development. With Tangjia Village in the gully region of the Weibei Loess Plateau as an example, the study integrated various data sources such as satellite imagery, interviews, and policy documents. Through social network analysis and an improved cascade failure model, the spatial adaptation processes and characteristics based on changes in kinship, occupational ties, and geographical networks were explored. The findings indicate that (1) before 2001, kinship networks led to the formation of a monocentric settlement structure. From 2001 to 2011, occupational ties fostered the differentiation of industrial and residential zones. After 2011, geographical networks drove the multifunctional integration of space. (2) Clan-based settlement zones (consisting of 80 kinship nodes) and core cultural tourism facilities are key units in maintaining spatial adaptability. The research reveals the impact mechanism of social network fission on spatial function reorganization and proposes adaptive planning strategies, aiming to provide theoretical and practical value for the coordinated governance of society and space in traditional villages. Full article

In this paper, we focus on defending against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks in a low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite network (LSN). To enhance the security of LSN, we propose the K-Bottleneck Minimize routing method. The algorithm ensures path diversity while avoiding vulnerable bottleneck paths, which significantly increases the cost for attackers. Additionally, the attacker’s detectability is reduced. The results show that the algorithm avoids the bottleneck paths that are vulnerable to attacks, improves the attacker’s cost by about 13.1% and 16.6% on average and median, and improves the detectability of attackers by 48.5% and 45.4% on average and median. The algorithm generates multiple non-overlapping inter-satellite paths, preventing the exploitation of bottleneck paths and ensuring better robustness and attack resistance. Full article

The rapid detection and quantification of microbial quantity and aflatoxin are crucial for food safety and quality. In order to achieve rapid detection, nutmeg with mildew, but with difficult-to-observe mildew characteristics, was selected as the research object. Its intrinsic component (dehydrodiisoeugenol) and exogenous noxious substances (the total number of colonies and aflatoxin B₁) were determined to clarify their changes during the mold process. Subsequently, electronic nose (E-nose) was employed to analyze the odor of nutmeg and was combined with six machine learning algorithms to establish a classification model for samples with different degrees of mold. Finally, three algorithms were chosen as the preferred options to establish the prediction models of indicator content, which can not only identify whether nutmeg is edible but also measure each index. The results demonstrate the enormous potential of E-nose for real-time detection for assessing food safety. In terms of qualitative analysis, the established classification model can achieve a more than 90% true positive rate, suggesting that E-nose could identify early mildew. In quantitative analysis, E-nose combined with Back Propagation Neural Network achieved the highest prediction accuracy, since the correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the measured value of aflatoxin B₁ is 0.9776, the TAMC is 0.9443, and the TYMC is 0.9685. This study provides a reference for the rapid and comprehensive quality evaluation of mildew-prone nutmeg, and it confirms that E-nose can be applied as a quick and simple technology. Full article

As the spatial resolution of remote sensing images continues to increase, the complexity of the information they carry also grows. Remote sensing images are characterized by large imaging areas, scattered distributions of similar objects, intricate boundary shapes, and a high density of small objects, all of which pose significant challenges for semantic segmentation tasks. To address these challenges, we propose a Remote Sensing Image Segmentation Network that Integrates Global–Local Multi-Scale Information with Deep and Shallow Features (GLDSFNet). To better handle the wide variations in object sizes and complex boundary shapes, we design a Global–Local Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Module (GLMFM) that enhances segmentation performance by fully leveraging multi-scale information and global context. Additionally, to improve the segmentation of small objects, we propose a Shallow–Deep Feature Fusion Module (SDFFM), which effectively integrates deep semantic information with shallow spatial features through mutual guidance, retaining the advantages of both. Extensive ablation and comparative experiments conducted on two public remote sensing datasets, ISPRS Vaihingen and Potsdam, demonstrate that our proposed GLDSFNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Full article

Transcranial focused ultrasound (TcFUS) neuromodulation is hindered by skull-induced acoustic limitations. To enable synergistic multi-region brain stimulation, we designed non-coaxial multi-focal composite Fresnel acoustic lenses, including an overlapping Fresnel lens (OFL) and an alternating-segmented Fresnel lens (ASFL). These lenses convert planar ultrasound into multiple foci. Based on Fresnel theory, acoustic fields were analyzed via simulations and experiments, validating the generation of four non-coaxial foci (10/30 mm focal lengths) from a 1 MHz planar wave using both OFL and ASFL. The influence of lens parameters on focal pressure distribution was investigated, and morphology was quantified using a linear least-squares method. Significant differences in focal morphology and intensity between OFL and ASFL provide crucial guidance for optimizing multi-target TcFUS strategies. Full article

This study investigated the effects of transglutaminase (TGase) content (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) and heat treatment (25 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C) on the structure and gel properties of camel casein protein. The results indicate that a TGase concentration of 0.5% combined with a heat treatment of 90 °C in SDS-PAGE facilitates the aggregation and crosslinking of protein molecules to form polymers, with the degree of crosslinking increasing alongside the TGase concentration. In FTIR, the treatment with TGase and heat resulted in a shift of the absorption peak of the amide I band, indicating a transition of the secondary structure from a loose to an ordered configuration. Additionally, surface hydrophobicity and heat enthalpy values were significantly increased, while the thermal transition temperature of casein gradually decreased. Following TGase binding and heat treatment, casein protein molecules formed a network structure characterized by small pore sizes and close crosslinking. Rheological analysis revealed that 0.5% TGase treatment significantly lowered the gel formation point of casein, promoted gelation, and effectively enhanced the mechanical properties and water-holding capacity of the casein gels. These findings provide theoretical reference for the development of camel protein modification and gel products. Full article

The aggravation of soil salinization has become one of the major factors that threaten crop growth and yield. Rhizobia, as an important biological nitrogen-fixing microorganism, can establish symbiotic relationships with legumes to improve their nitrogen-fixing ability and stress tolerance. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide that is widely found in bacteria, fungi, and plants, can protect cellular structures and maintain the viability of cells under stress conditions. However, it remains to be determined whether the endogenous trehalose level in rhizobia could affect its stress tolerance and nitrogen-fixing capabilities. In this study, we constructed four engineered rhizobial strains to examine the effects of the overexpression and knockout of the trehalose synthesis genes otsA/otsB in the rhizobium strain CCBAU25338 on its salt tolerance and nitrogen-fixing capacity. The results indicated that the overexpression of otsA, rather than the otsB gene, significantly enhanced both the stress tolerance and nitrogen-fixing abilities of the strains. Furthermore, the inoculation of otsA-overexpressing recombinant cells leads to greater agronomic traits in the host plant’s peanuts under salinity conditions. We hope our findings may serve as valuable references for the future development of efficient and superior engineered rhizobial strains for peanut cultivation. Full article

The waterlogged archaeological wood from the Qiantang River Ancient Seawall site faces significant preservation challenges due to its unique and complex preservation environment. Without targeted dehydration and consolidation treatments after excavation, these artifacts are at risk of severe deformation, cracking, or even complete destruction. This study focuses on the waterlogged wood from Chaitang (bundled firewood structure) and Zhulong Shitang (bamboo–stone structure) within the ancient seawall, comparing two methods: ethanol dehydration and polyethylene glycol (PEG) dehydration. Both methods were combined with natural drying for comparative analysis. In addition to traditional metrics such as dimensional stability and weight percentage gain, the study employs a multidimensional evaluation framework, including colorimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of dehydration and consolidation. Combining natural drying with PEG, although it may reduce the chromaticity of WAW to some extent, effectively fills cellular cavities, enhances diffraction peak intensity, improves dimensional stability, and effectively prevents cracking and deformation. The results provide differentiated treatment strategies for WAW from different historical periods and varying degrees of degradation. This study offers valuable insights and a scientific basis for the further restoration and preservation of the WAW from the Qiantang River Ancient Seawall. Full article

Millimeter-wave devices have great application value and development prospects in military radar, satellite communication, and other fields. Extended interaction devices (EIDs) are widely used in various fields because of their small size, light weight, large bandwidth, and high output power, which are of great significance to the research of millimeter-wave sources. This article presents the design of a sheet beam, dual-beam, dual-cavity coupled extended interaction oscillator (EIO) that can operate separately at 94 GHz and 140 GHz. The coupling coefficient, characteristic impedance, and other parameters were analyzed to optimize the cavity structure and improve transmission performance. The results of the 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation demonstrated that the designed EIO reached a peak output power of 6.3 kW and 41 kW, respectively, when driven by sheet electron beams of 3 A, 34 kV and 3 A, 56 kV. Full article

Background/Objectives: The BZR gene family, a critical transcription factor in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, regulates plant growth and development. Despite its significance, the BZR gene family in Leymus chinensis, a valuable forage grass renowned for its stress tolerance and nutritional quality, remains uncharacterized, and its functional roles are largely unexplored. Methods: Employing advanced bioinformatics tools, we conducted a genome-wide survey to identify members of the BZR gene family in L. chinensis. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to classify these genes into distinct clades, while gene structure and conserved motif analyses assessed their evolutionary conservation and potential regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was utilized to examine the expression patterns of BZR genes in response to simulated animal grazing. Results: Eight LcBZR genes were identified, evenly distributed across all seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis categorized these genes into three distinct groups, reflecting their evolutionary relationships. Most LcBZR genes exhibited highly conserved gene structures and motifs, with promoters enriched in cis-acting elements such as G-box and ARE. Expression profiling revealed that LcBZR genes are predominantly expressed in key tissues, particularly leaves and roots, suggesting their involvement in critical physiological processes. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that simulated animal grazing modulated the expression levels of LcBZR genes, implicating their role in promoting cellular elongation and division through the BR signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study highlights the crucial role of LcBZR genes in regulating plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli, providing a foundational basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated plant development and stress adaptation. Full article