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Nutrient Cycling and Pollution Migration Mechanisms in Eutrophic Lake Basins

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 1407

Special Issue Editor

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: water environment phenomena in the ice season; traceability analysis for pollution; eutrophic lakes; organic matter; biochar
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Eutrophic lakes are characterized by high levels of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which lead to accelerated primary production, often resulting in algal blooms and diminished water quality. The cycling of nutrients in eutrophic lakes and the migration of pollutants are complex processes that involve interactions between biological, chemical, and physical factors. These processes govern how nutrients move through the lake system and how pollutants (including excess nutrients, toxic substances, and organic compounds) migrate within the basin. The excessive influx of nutrients—typically from human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and industrial discharges—can disrupt the natural nutrient cycling, leading to a series of undesirable ecological effects. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we will explore both nutrient cycling and pollution migration mechanisms in eutrophic lake basins.

Key topics include the following:

  • Nutrient Cycling in Eutrophic Lakes

Nutrient cycling in eutrophic lakes refers to the processes by which nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus are transformed, stored, and recycled between different compartments of the ecosystem: water, sediment, biota (aquatic organisms), and atmosphere.

  • Pollution Migration Mechanisms in Eutrophic Lake Basins

The migration of pollutants within eutrophic lake basins involves the physical, chemical, and biological movement of contaminants, including nutrients, toxic substances, and organic pollutants. These pollutants can migrate from their point of entry into the lake, across the water column, and into sediments, sometimes moving between different environmental compartments (water, sediment, and biota).

  • Management Strategies

To reduce eutrophication and control the migration of pollutants in eutrophic lakes, several strategies are required: nutrient load reduction, sediment management, ecosystem restoration, oxygenation, and aeration.

Dr. Fang Yang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutrient cycling
  • pollution
  • lakes
  • migration pathways
  • risk assessment
  • management strategies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 4906 KB  
Article
Temporal and Spatial Distribution, Pollution Characteristics, and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) in the Water Body of Poyang Lake Inlet
by Guodong Chai, Fang Yang, Debin Jia, Na Yao, Weiying Feng, Shuling Chen and Haiqing Liao
Water 2026, 18(9), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18091056 - 29 Apr 2026
Viewed by 348
Abstract
As critical conduits for pollutant enrichment and transformation, lake inlets govern the biogeochemical cycling of emerging contaminants. This study investigated the occurrence, spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and source–sink dynamics of 15 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the major inflowing rivers of Poyang Lake, China. Using UPLC–MS/MS, [...] Read more.
As critical conduits for pollutant enrichment and transformation, lake inlets govern the biogeochemical cycling of emerging contaminants. This study investigated the occurrence, spatiotemporal heterogeneity, and source–sink dynamics of 15 organophosphate esters (OPEs) in the major inflowing rivers of Poyang Lake, China. Using UPLC–MS/MS, positive matrix factorization (PMF), and risk quotient (RQ) modeling, we identified the mechanisms driving pollutant distribution across three hydrological periods. Alkyl-OPEs (58.19%) and chlorinated OPEs (40.42%) dominated the contaminant burden, with TCPP and TEP identified as the primary congeners. Concentrations exhibited a distinct seasonal gradient, with higher levels during the dry season and lower levels during the wet season, controlled by seasonal hydrological dilution versus evaporative and stagnant accumulation. PMF indicated that source contributions shifted with hydrology: intense wet-season precipitation flushed non-point sources from waste and electronic products (45.1%), while reduced dry-season flow concentrated mixed inputs from agricultural runoff and ship traffic (50.7%). Ecological risk assessment identified EHDPP, TCrP, and TCPP as high-risk contaminants (RQ ≥ 1.0), posing direct threats to aquatic population. These findings highlight the need for adaptive, season-specific management of emerging contaminants at the river–lake interface, specifically by implementing enhanced interception of surface runoff during the wet season and enforcing stringent regulations on localized shipping emissions during the dry season to protect freshwater ecosystems. Full article
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17 pages, 2166 KB  
Article
Submerged Plant Restoration Modulates Carbon-Water Interface Dynamics: Enhanced Carbon Sequestration Coupled with Eutrophication Control
by Ran Tao, Yinfei Wang, Zhiwei Zhang, Ting Chen, Dejian Zhou, Yimin Zhang, Huiyang Qiu and Yuexiang Gao
Water 2026, 18(1), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010065 - 25 Dec 2025
Viewed by 782
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of carbon flux at the water–air interface during the ecological restoration of eutrophic water bodies. A controlled simulation of the eutrophic aquatic environment was carried out. A series of experiments was established, centered on submerged aquatic plants as [...] Read more.
This study investigates the dynamics of carbon flux at the water–air interface during the ecological restoration of eutrophic water bodies. A controlled simulation of the eutrophic aquatic environment was carried out. A series of experiments was established, centered on submerged aquatic plants as key agents for carbon sequestration and enhancement of carbon sink capacity, supplemented by biological manipulation techniques aimed at pollution reduction and algal control. Results show that restoration systems based on submerged plants significantly enhance carbon sequestration, whereas systems relying solely on filter-feeding fish tend to increase the carbon emission burden. The submerged plant-only treatment (HV) exhibited the highest carbon absorption capacity (−72.53 mg·m−2·h−1), followed by submerged plant + fish + snail (HSXB) and submerged plant + fish (HSX) treatments. CH4 emissions were initially higher in the combined biological treatments but were eventually surpassed by the control group as algal cell density increased. Carbon sink potential and CH4 emissions were strongly correlated with algal cell density and chlorophyll a concentration. While combination treatments (HSX and HSXB) effectively suppressed algal proliferation, the submerged plant-only treatment demonstrated superior nutrient removal efficiency. The findings provide theoretical support for ecologically based management strategies that simultaneously address eutrophication control and carbon sequestration in freshwater ecosystems, contributing to both water quality improvement and climate change mitigation. Full article
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