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Risk Characterization, Assessment, and Management of Water for Environmental/Human Health—2nd Edition

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and One Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2026 | Viewed by 625

Special Issue Editors

Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: quantitative microbial risk assessment; microbiological contamination in environments; assessment and methodology; public and human health; bioaerosol; bioaerosol sensor; airborne microorganisms and biological particles; bio-fluorophore particles; laser-induced fluorescence
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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy
Interests: hygiene; public health; infectious diseases; risk assessment; environmental virology; water; aerosol; health literacy; risk communication; occupational health
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global attention has been gradually drawn to the threat of pollution and its risks to the environment and human health since the 1962 publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson.

Presently, water pollution is the largest environmental risk factor for disease and has been responsible for millions of premature deaths per year, according to the report of the Lancet Commission on Water Pollution and Health. Considering the significance of water for human development, water pollution undoubtedly gives rise to unhealthy environments, which have been closely linked to impaired human health.

Moreover, water is recognized as a connector of the three planetary crises (pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss) and, given how interdependent and closely linked are humans, animals, and ecosystems, its security and safety are essential for sustainable development and the One Health framework.

It is thus increasingly clear that water pollution is a global issue, and that its diverse impacts on the environment and its far-reaching influence on human health transcend the boundaries of the interaction between environmental and other disciplines, demanding the development of a systematical academic response.

Processes for adequate risk characterization and assessment should be established to precisely estimate probabilities regarding the various health effects that result from the exposure of communities to water pollution.

Therefore, more attention should be paid to the rigorous assessment and risk characterization of water in relation to environmental/human health, as these are naturally required to help manage water pollution and prevent pollution-related health risks.

Works addressing these topics are invited as contributions to this Special Issue, which aims to share innovative research on the frameworks of risk characterization and assessment, as well as provide guidance for subsequent research on water pollution management strategies that seek to minimize its impacts on environmental and human health. Findings publilshed in this Special Issue will be of significant interest to the diverse readership of Water.

Dr. Cheng Yan
Prof. Annalaura Carducci
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water and human development
  • water pollution
  • risk assessment
  • environmental health risks
  • human health risks
  • hazard identification
  • dose–response assessment
  • exposure assessment
  • risk characterization

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 2807 KB  
Article
Trace Metals in Water Intended for Human Consumption from Urban and Rural Areas of Satu Mare County, Romania: Spatial–Temporal Patterns and Health Risk
by Dana Claudia Filipoiu, Daniela Gitea, Raul Ștefan-Pantiș, Alin Mogos, Ștefan Știer, Gabriela S. Bungau and Delia Mirela Tit
Water 2026, 18(10), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18101145 - 11 May 2026
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Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence, spatial distribution, and associated human health risks of trace metals in water intended for human consumption from urban and rural areas of Satu Mare County (northwestern Romania) based on monitoring data collected between 2022 and 2024. A total [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the occurrence, spatial distribution, and associated human health risks of trace metals in water intended for human consumption from urban and rural areas of Satu Mare County (northwestern Romania) based on monitoring data collected between 2022 and 2024. A total of 271 samples from 122 localities were analyzed for As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Se using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS). Spatial analysis, non-parametric statistics, Spearman correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to identify distribution patterns and differences between supply systems. Arsenic was identified as the main contaminant of concern, with concentrations reaching 320.5 µg/L, primarily in rural groundwater sources. Most other metals remained below regulatory limits, and elevated concentrations were spatially localized rather than widespread. Non-carcinogenic risk (HRI > 1) was observed in 5.74% of samples, while arsenic-related carcinogenic risk (ILCR > 10−6) occurred in a limited number of locations in 2024, with no values exceeding 10−4. Risk estimates were based on total arsenic concentrations and should be interpreted conservatively due to the lack of speciation. No statistically significant differences between urban and rural areas were observed for most metals, except for manganese. Multivariate analysis revealed distinct geochemical behaviors, with a Pb–Ni–Se–Cd cluster in rural samples, while arsenic and manganese showed more independent patterns consistent with redox-controlled processes. Urban samples showed more coherent patterns and higher variance explained by PCA (78.9%) compared to rural datasets (60.1%). Risk estimates were based on total arsenic concentrations and should be interpreted conservatively. The findings highlight the vulnerability of decentralized groundwater systems and support targeted monitoring strategies in line with Directive (EU) 2020/2184. Full article
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