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Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and...
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Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Oceans and Coastal Zones".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 9675

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hyeon-Seo Cho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ocean Integrated Science, College of Fisheries & Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
Interests: environmental monitoring; oceanography; marine chemistry; marine pollution; environmental pollutants
Dr. Huiho Jeong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Higashi-ku 862-8502, Japan
Interests: chemical oceanography; marine environment; environmental monitoring; marine pollution; POPs; heavy metals; microplastics; eutrophication; hypoxic/anoxic water
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Humankind rapidly developed with industrialization and urbanization. Various chemicals, such as fossil fuels, polymers, pesticides, medical supplies, etc., were discovered, synthesized, or developed for convenience in human lives along the way. However, humans and environmental organisms are ironically facing the potential threat of those chemicals as ‘pollutants’ via accidental or intentional emission. The aquatic environment responds to anthropogenic pollutants, and coastal water plays an essential role in the fate of the pollutants it reaches from point and non-point sources.

In this regard, the aim of this Special Issue, entitled ‘Monitoring and Assessment of  Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota’, is to monitor and assess the extent of pollutants in coastal areas to protect and preserve marine organisms and humans. This Special Issue will directly or indirectly provide insight into managing pollutants.

Authors can freely discuss the pollutant issues in coastal water following the Special Issue’s aims. The pollutants include those that have adverse effects or toxicity potential in marine organisms and humans, such as POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants), PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products), microplastics, heavy metals, pesticides, antifouling paints, eutrophic matter, etc.

Prof. Dr. Hyeon-Seo Cho
Guest Editor

Dr. Huiho Jeong
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • monitoring
  • assessment
  • pollutants
  • coastal water
  • marine sediments, marine organism
  • marine environment
  • food webs

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5002 KiB  
Article
Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in the Coastal Zone of Yantai, China
by Mengting Li, Kuanle Bao, Hongsong Wang, Youxu Dai, Shuyu Wu, Kun Yan, Shuliang Liu, Qingzheng Yuan and Jiaxing Lu
Water 2024, 16(5), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050760 - 2 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1177
Abstract
As urbanization accelerates, a growing influx of pollutants enters the sea through land runoff, posing a threat to coastal ecosystems. In this study, we systematically determined the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in the water and sediments of coastal areas (Yantai, China) [...] Read more.
As urbanization accelerates, a growing influx of pollutants enters the sea through land runoff, posing a threat to coastal ecosystems. In this study, we systematically determined the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in the water and sediments of coastal areas (Yantai, China) and assessed their sources and ecological risks. The results showed that inland rivers transported large amounts of NO3− and PO43− into coast water, which caused severe eutrophication. Regarding heavy metals, copper dominated in seawater, whereas plumbum and arsenic were dominant in sediment, which was sourced from aerosol deposition and mariculture. Zinc, chromium, copper, mercury, and cadmium contributed slightly to pollution, with low enrichment factors, mainly from natural sources. Further analysis showed that zinc, mercury, copper, and arsenic were significantly affected by the grain size composition in sediment. Ecological risk assessment indicated that the coastal zone of Yantai City is in a state of light heavy-metal pollution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota)
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17 pages, 4659 KiB  
Article
Occurrence, Distribution, and Sources of Aliphatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Two Different Lagoons along the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia
by Mubarak T. Al-Otaibi, Ahmed I. Rushdi, Najeeb Rasul, Abdulqader Bazeyad, Khalid F. Al-Mutlaq, Saud S. Aloud and Hattan A. Alharbi
Water 2024, 16(1), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010187 - 4 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Surface sediment samples from Al-Qahma lagoon in the southern part and Al-Wajh lagoon in the northern part of the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia were collected by a Van Veen grab sampler to determine the characteristics, distribution, and sources of aliphatic and [...] Read more.
Surface sediment samples from Al-Qahma lagoon in the southern part and Al-Wajh lagoon in the northern part of the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia were collected by a Van Veen grab sampler to determine the characteristics, distribution, and sources of aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons. The total extractable organic matter (TEOM) was extracted with a dichloromethane/methanol mixture after drying and sieving the sediments and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The TEOM comprised n-alkanes (302.6 ± 446.7 ng·g−1 and 64 ± 50 ng·g−1), hopanes (29.8 ± 132.3 ng·g−1 and 1.0 ± 2.5 ng·g−1), steranes (0.0 and traces), n-alkanoic acids (745.8 ± 799.6 ng·g−1 and 120.7 ± 92.0 ng·g−1), n-alkanols (457.4 ± 1085.6 ng·g−1 and 49.7 ± 32.3 ng·g−1), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (54.5 ± 96.8 ng·g−1 and 7.8 ± 8.5 ng·g−1), and phthalates (185.3 ± 169.9 ng·g−1 and 67.4 ± 70.4 ng·g−1) in the Al-Qahma and Al-Wajh lagoon sediments, respectively. The percentages of the various sources relative to total aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbon concentrations were 6.9 ± 6% for terrestrial plants, 53.7 ± 19% for algae, 10 ± 2% for microbial, 16 ± 12% for petroleum, and 13.4 ± 7 for plasticizer inputs in Al-Qahma lagoon. In Al-Wajh lagoon, they were 9.7 ± 4% for terrestrial plants, 30.8 ± 14% for algae, 25.2 ± 5% for bacteria, 11.2 ± 3% for petroleum, and 23.1 ± 11% for plasticizers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota)
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13 pages, 3427 KiB  
Article
Research on Rapid Detection for TOC in Water Based on UV-VIS Spectroscopy and 1D-SE-Inception Networks
by Yu Li, Weihong Bi, Yajie Jia, Bing Wang, Wa Jin, Guangwei Fu and Xinghu Fu
Water 2023, 15(14), 2537; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142537 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1901
Abstract
In recent years, the rapid monitoring of total organic carbon (TOC) in natural waters has attracted increasing attention. Optical methods are a valid tool for measurement. Nevertheless, how to more accurately establish the mapping relationship between spectroscopy and TOC concentrations is currently a [...] Read more.
In recent years, the rapid monitoring of total organic carbon (TOC) in natural waters has attracted increasing attention. Optical methods are a valid tool for measurement. Nevertheless, how to more accurately establish the mapping relationship between spectroscopy and TOC concentrations is currently a challenge. A new method based on UV-VIS spectroscopy with a deep convolutional network is proposed for the quantification of TOC in water in this paper. The Inception network, originally used to process two-dimensional image data, was redesigned as a model capable of processing one-dimensional spectral data, while the convolution and pooling scale were modified to adapt to one-dimensional data. Simultaneously, squeeze and extraction (SE) blocks were applied to the designed network to enhance feature information and to suppress interference from useless information in the regression process. The method was tested on samples collected from the sea and river estuaries in several provinces in China. When compared to the classical least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), the experimental results showed that the proposed 1D-Inception network structure can provide more accurate regression results. The SE block can significantly improve the feature extraction and expression capabilities of the 1D-Inception network structure and suppress redundant information, thereby achieving better model performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota)
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15 pages, 16280 KiB  
Article
Baseline Study on Microplastic Distribution in the Open Surface Waters of the Korean Southwest Sea
by Byeong Kyu Min, Hui Ho Jeong, Mi Jo Ju, Uni Ko, Keum Hyang Dae, Hyun Jung Kim, Chon Rae Cho, Ho Young Soh, Yasuhiro Ishibashi and Hyeon Seo Cho
Water 2023, 15(13), 2393; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15132393 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2220
Abstract
This study investigated microplastic distribution characteristics by collecting surface seawater from sea areas to the south of Jeju Island in August 2020. The average microplastic abundance was 0.46 ± 0.27 particles/L (n = 23), and PE had a high ratio, averaging 53%. The [...] Read more.
This study investigated microplastic distribution characteristics by collecting surface seawater from sea areas to the south of Jeju Island in August 2020. The average microplastic abundance was 0.46 ± 0.27 particles/L (n = 23), and PE had a high ratio, averaging 53%. The levels of fragments and fibers were observed to be 69% and 31% on average, respectively. The most common size of the microplastics was on average 0.02–0.30 mm at a level of 69%. We found a higher abundance of microplastics in the study area than in other open waters such as the Arctic Central Basin and the Atlantic Ocean, whereas the abundance was lower than that in previous studies on coastal areas. We studied an area of open sea connecting China, Japan, and the Pacific Ocean, and, in this region, the microplastic distribution varies depending on sea currents in the surrounding areas. In the summer, the western and central regions of the study sea area have low salinity levels due to discharge from China’s Yangtze River. This generally indicates that high-density plastic deposits are found in the Yangtze River estuary, and low-density plastics are found in the study area. Furthermore, this implies that low- and high-density plastics are transported in water for long periods of time due to the Taiwan Warm Current and because the eastern sea area has high salinity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota)
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16 pages, 1423 KiB  
Article
Variations in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination Values in Subtidal Surface Sediment via Oil Fingerprinting after an Accidental Oil Spill: A Case Study of the Wu Yi San Oil Spill, Yeosu, Korea
by Byeongkyu Min, Huiho Jeong, Juhye Oh, Kyejin Paek, Woohyun Paeng, Jonghyeok Lee, Chonrae Cho and Hyeonseo Cho
Water 2023, 15(2), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020279 - 9 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
This study determined the PAH contamination variations in the subtidal surface sediment with oil fingerprinting in the Wu Yi San oil spill in Yeosu, Korea, in January 2014. The ∑16 PAHs and ∑alkyl PAHs were investigated in surface sediment and seawater 1 month [...] Read more.
This study determined the PAH contamination variations in the subtidal surface sediment with oil fingerprinting in the Wu Yi San oil spill in Yeosu, Korea, in January 2014. The ∑16 PAHs and ∑alkyl PAHs were investigated in surface sediment and seawater 1 month after the oil spill for 1 year at 3-month intervals in the accident (St. A-F) and adjacent areas (St. 1-20). The averaged ∑16 PAHs and ∑alkyl PAH concentration in the five samplings were 42.2–171.7 ng/g and 211.5–221.8 ng/g, respectively. Comparing the PAH levels in St.E and St.17 indicated a decreased tendency, from 357.9 to 31.1 ng/g dw. in ∑16 PAHs, and from 1900.9 to 211.5 ng/g dw. in ∑alkyl PAHs. The PAHs were not statically correlated between surface sediment and seawater (p > 0.05), implying that the fate of PAHs was rapidly dispersed toward adjacent coasts and beaches. Pyrogenic origin was predominant in 16 PAHs, and petrogenic origin in alkylated PAHs. Notably, C2-D/C2-P and C3-D/C3-P ratios in the accident area during the first sampling were similar to accident oil, but the similarity was not shown in other samplings. Only the C2-naphthalene (St.A), C1-phenanthrene (St.A and St.B), and C2-phenanthrene (the entire accident area points) concentrations were higher than the ERL SQG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota)
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Review

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33 pages, 1807 KiB  
Review
A Review on Recent Developments in the Extraction and Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples
by Tumelo Monty Mogashane, Lebohang Mokoena and James Tshilongo
Water 2024, 16(17), 2520; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172520 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 496
Abstract
A class of hazardous chemical molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently detected in environmental samples such as soil, water, and air. Because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic qualities, PAHs pose a significant threat to both human health and the environment. [...] Read more.
A class of hazardous chemical molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are frequently detected in environmental samples such as soil, water, and air. Because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic qualities, PAHs pose a significant threat to both human health and the environment. Therefore, the identification and extraction of PAHs from environmental samples is crucial for monitoring and assessing their presence and potential risks. An overview of these recent advancements is given in this review, which includes the use of sophisticated analytical methods for the identification and measurement of PAHs in environmental samples, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limitations of conventional extraction techniques such as Soxhlet extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, which are frequently labour-intensive, solvent-intensive, and prone to low selectivity, are highlighted in this review. In contrast, modern techniques such as Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) offer significant advantages, including reduced solvent use, faster processing times, and enhanced sensitivity and selectivity for PAHs. This review highlights the benefits of these advancements in facilitating faster, more accurate, and environmentally friendly PAH extraction and identification processes, focusing on overcoming the limitations of traditional methods such as chromatographic separation and detection. To improve our comprehension of PAH contamination and provide practical mitigation methods for their effects on the environment and human health, this field needs ongoing research and development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Assessment of Pollutants in Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota)
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