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Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2024 | Viewed by 3981

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Eva Domingues

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation processes; advanced processes; desinfection; metals recovery; toxicology; biological processes; water recovery

Dr. Rui C. Martins

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Guest Editor

CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: ozonation; catalytic ozonation; wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation processes; drinking water treatment; water recovery; photocatalysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water scarcity and drought is a real and significant problem throughout the entire world, affecting social and economic activities, and the environment. Water recycling is one of the keys aiming to increase water availability and achieve a smooth adaptation to climate change. Water recycling brings many important benefits such as controlling pollution, limiting the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes and emerging pollutants, maintaining biodiversity and improving the adaptation and resilience of urban and rural communities to climate change. As is already done in some countries, it is necessary to include recycled water in water management plans. Such plans must include all the information on treatment processes and associated costs, quality and quantity of reused water and where it can be used (e.g., irrigation or recreational activities) for the communities benefit. Considering the problems associated with industrial wastewaters, the main objective of this Special Issue is to understand the role of novel and advanced treatment technologies for industrial effluents with different characteristics aiming to achieve the reuse of recoverable water.

Dr. Eva Domingues
Dr. Rui C. Martins
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

water recycling
industrial wastewater
advanced technologies
toxicology, disinfection

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1295 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Continuous Heterogeneous Fenton for Swine Wastewater Treatment: Converting an Industry Waste into a Wastewater Treatment Material

by João Lincho, João Gomes, Rui C. Martins and Eva Domingues

Water 2024, 16(5), 781; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050781 - 06 Mar 2024

Viewed by 740

Abstract

Swine wastewater (SW) was treated using industrial wastes as raw materials in a pre-treatment process (coagulation or adsorption), followed by a continuous heterogeneous Fenton reaction. Before the treatment conducted as a continuous operation, two different batch optimization strategies were evaluated, in which the effects of H₂O₂ concentration and pH were studied. The results show that using excessive H₂O₂ results in the same behavior, regardless of whether the pH is 3 or 7.5, while at low H₂O₂ concentrations, the acidic pH improves the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal due to a higher solubility of iron. The partial addition of H₂O₂ after 60 min of the reaction proved to be unbeneficial. Considering other perspectives, a continuous Fenton process using iron filings (IF) as the iron source ([H₂O₂] = 50 mg/L) was applied after the SW pre-treatment, consisting of adsorption with red mud (RM) or coagulation with poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC). The RM adsorption presented higher COD removal and lower toxicity than the PDADMAC coagulation, revealing to be a suitable material for this purpose, but for both pre-treatments, the application of a subsequent continuous Fenton process revealed to be essential to achieve the COD discharge limits imposed by the Portuguese law. In addition, high amounts of dissolved iron were present in the samples (55–58 mg/L) after the Fenton process. However, after the overall treatment, the samples showed no harmful characteristics for Lepidium sativum, being classified as “non-toxic”, contrary to the initial wastewater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)

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16 pages, 3804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Removal of Cr and Organic Matter from Real Tannery Wastewater via Fenton-like Process Using Commercial Nano-Scale Zero-Valent Iron

by Yaneth Vasquez, Jair Franco, Mario Vasquez, Felipe Agudelo, Eleni Petala, Jan Filip, Jose Galvis and Oscar Herrera

Water 2024, 16(5), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050754 - 01 Mar 2024

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Abstract

The tannery wastewater from the tanning stage (TWT) comprises organic and Cr pollutants, which can adversely affect aquatic life and have carcinogenic effects. In this study, we investigated the performance of a Fenton-like process using commercial Nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the simultaneous removal of Cr and organic matter from real TWT. We used an experimental design to select the principal operating parameters. A Plackett–Burman design identified variables for Cr-total and COD removal, followed by a central composite design (CC-D) to determine optimal variable levels. Finally, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimum concentration of individual variables influencing Cr-total removal. Additionally, the effect of the leather-related, co-existing substances that influenced the efficiency of the process and the possibility of recycling nZVI were explored. The inclusion of nZVI was significantly more effective at removing both Cr-total and COD (97.3% ± 5.7% and 73.9% ± 9.1%, respectively), whereas the traditional Fenton process achieved lower removal rates (55.6% ± 10.0% for Cr-total and 34.8% ± 10.9% for COD). The optimal conditions for the Fenton-like process were nZVI/H₂O₂ = 1.05 w/w, and pH = 2.93. We obtained the best results during the first 5 min of the reaction, which increased after 48 h of agitation and subsequent neutralization. According to the results of four consecutive cycles, nZVI exhibited high reusability (97%) without compromising its adsorption potency. XPS analysis confirmed Cr removal through the adsorption mechanism on the nZVI surface. Hence, a Fenton-like process based on nZVI can be used as a promising alternative for treating organic and Cr wastewater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)

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14 pages, 1404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Heterogeneous Photosensitized Oxidation for Winery Effluent Treatment

by Mariana Silva, Inês Oliveira-Inocêncio, Rui C. Martins, Rosa Quinta-Ferreira, Marta Gmurek, Anabela Nogueira and Sérgio Castro-Silva

Water 2023, 15(13), 2340; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15132340 - 24 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1243

Abstract

In this study, the heterogeneous photosensitized oxidation treatment of winery effluents was optimized using chitosan carriers immobilized with Zn(II) Phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid. The influence of main operating parameters such as initial pH, aeration flow rate, photocatalyst load, and concentration of the photosensitizer used in the photocatalysts’ preparation was investigated. Results for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenolic content (TPh) removals are presented for each of the tests performed. Best reductions were obtained after 30 min of treatment in natural sunlight at an initial pH of 4.0 and an aeration flow of 2.8 L/min since it allowed reductions of 45% for COD and 73% for phenolic content (TPh). In addition, the possibility of reusing the photocatalysts during several cycles was also assessed, where an acidic initial pH allowed their reuse, being the only pH value studied where the leaching of the photosensitizer was not observed. In these conditions, the same photocatalysts were reused for six reaction cycles, and efficiency started to decrease after the third use. Thus, a greater mass and concentration of photosensitizer contributed to a superior reduction in organic matter. The results show that heterogeneous photosensitized oxidation using sunlight radiation as an energy source is an interesting approach for obtaining reusable water from winery effluents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)

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Review

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15 pages, 4941 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Status of Zero Liquid Discharge Technology for Desulfurization Wastewater

by Feng Xu, Sanmei Zhao, Bin Li, Haihua Li, Zhongqian Ling, Guangxue Zhang and Maosheng Liu

Water 2024, 16(6), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16060900 - 20 Mar 2024

Viewed by 689

Abstract

Desulfurization wastewater is industrial wastewater with a high salt content, high metal ions, and high hardness produced by flue gas desulfurization of the limestone-gypsum method in coal-fired power plants. This paper summarizes the source of desulfurization wastewater, water quality characteristics, water quality impacts, and other factors, combined with the current status of research worldwide to introduce the advantages and shortcomings of the existing desulfurization wastewater treatment technology. In addition, zero liquid discharge technology as a novel method to treat desulfurization wastewater is also summarized. It mainly includes evaporation and crystallization, flue gas evaporation, membrane distillation removal, etc. Finally, this manuscript looks forward to the future development direction of desulfurization wastewater based on its existing technology and emission standards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)

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