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Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
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Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2024) | Viewed by 14623

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Eva Domingues

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation processes; advanced processes; desinfection; metals recovery; toxicology; biological processes; water recovery
Dr. Rui C. Martins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: ozonation; catalytic ozonation; wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation processes; drinking water treatment; water recovery; photocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water scarcity and drought is a real and significant problem throughout the entire world, affecting social and economic activities, and the environment. Water recycling is one of the keys aiming to increase water availability and achieve a smooth adaptation to climate change. Water recycling brings many important benefits such as controlling pollution, limiting the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes and emerging pollutants, maintaining biodiversity and improving the adaptation and resilience of urban and rural communities to climate change. As is already done in some countries, it is necessary to include recycled water in water management plans. Such plans must include all the information on treatment processes and associated costs, quality and quantity of reused water and where it can be used (e.g., irrigation or recreational activities) for the communities benefit. Considering the problems associated with industrial wastewaters, the main objective of this Special Issue is to understand the role of novel and advanced treatment technologies for industrial effluents with different characteristics aiming to achieve the reuse of recoverable water.

Dr. Eva Domingues
Dr. Rui C. Martins
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • water recycling
  • industrial wastewater
  • advanced technologies
  • toxicology, disinfection

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5167 KiB  
Article
Adsorbents Produced from Olive Mill Waste and Modified to Perform Phenolic Compound Removal
by Kleper de Oliveira Rocha, Francisco Brandão, Pawel Mazierski, João Gomes, Rui C. Martins and Eva Domingues
Water 2024, 16(17), 2379; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172379 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1315
Abstract
Olive mill waste (olive pomace, OP, and olive stone, OS) was used in this work to produce adsorbents for the removal of five phenolic acids typically found in olive mill wastewater. OP and OS were subjected to different treatments (combined or not) that [...] Read more.
Olive mill waste (olive pomace, OP, and olive stone, OS) was used in this work to produce adsorbents for the removal of five phenolic acids typically found in olive mill wastewater. OP and OS were subjected to different treatments (combined or not) that were chemically modified (NaOH) or physically modified by two different methods, incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and hydrothermal deposition (HD), and even biochar production obtaining a total of 16 materials. The materials were characterized by different analytical techniques such as N2 absorption, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and pH zero-potential charge. The mixture of five phenolic acids was used to evaluate in batch conditions the adsorption capacity of the prepared materials. OS chemically modified with IWI (OSM-IWI) and OS biochar with HD (BOS-HD) presented better adsorption capacity at 157.1 and 163.6 mg/g of phenolic acids, respectively, from a total of 200 mg/g. For some materials, the surface area cannot be correlated with adsorption capacity, unlike pHzpc, where high values fit better adsorption rates. The infrared spectroscopy profile indicates the presence of O-H and N-H functional groups and, the last one, red-shifted in the IWI preparation compared to the HD one. In addition to this, the prepared material from olive mill waste can be suitably used for the mixture of phenolic compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)
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16 pages, 3332 KiB  
Article
Tequila Vinasse Treatment in Two Types of Vertical Downflow Treatment Wetlands (with Emergent Vegetation and Ligninolytic Fungi)
by Anderson A. Ramírez-Ramírez, Juan A. Lozano-Álvarez, Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí and Florentina Zurita
Water 2024, 16(13), 1778; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131778 - 23 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1479
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of two types of vertical downflow wetlands (VDFWs) (with the presence of ligninolytic fungus Trametes versicolor and planted with Iris sibirica) for the treatment of tequila vinasses (TVs) as a [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of two types of vertical downflow wetlands (VDFWs) (with the presence of ligninolytic fungus Trametes versicolor and planted with Iris sibirica) for the treatment of tequila vinasses (TVs) as a secondary treatment; control systems with only a filter medium were also included. The systems operated with a 7-day run/resting mode of operation. Various water quality parameters were analyzed in both the influent and the effluents, namely total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), true color and turbidity, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), etc. The two types of VDFWs as well as the control treatment were effective in reducing the different pollutants (p < 0.05); however, planted systems showed a tendency toward higher efficiencies. With an influent concentration of 49,000 mg L−1 and an organic loading rate of 4942 g COD m−2d−1, the COD reduction was around 40% in the planted systems, while in the other two, the reduction was 35%. Furthermore, TSS removals were 36, 20 and 16% in the VDFWs with vegetation, ligninolytic fungus and control systems, respectively. These results suggest that the fungus Trametes versicolor did not develop the desirable enzymatic expression for pollutant removal, probably as a result of the absence of aerobic conditions in the systems. Therefore, more research is needed to achieve a better fungal performance in VDFWs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)
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18 pages, 4739 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Combined Effect of Electromagnetic and Electrochemical Processes on Descaling and Anticorrosion
by Saiwei Zhang, Dongqiang Wang, Gangsheng Li, Xuewu Dong and Haiqin Jiang
Water 2024, 16(12), 1644; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16121644 - 8 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1748
Abstract
In this study, a circulating water experimental system was constructed to investigate the scale inhibition, scale removal, corrosion inhibition, and disinfection effects of industrial circulating water under the combined action of electromagnetic and electrochemical fields. The influence of these effects on water quality [...] Read more.
In this study, a circulating water experimental system was constructed to investigate the scale inhibition, scale removal, corrosion inhibition, and disinfection effects of industrial circulating water under the combined action of electromagnetic and electrochemical fields. The influence of these effects on water quality parameters and their scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition effects on hanging plate experiments were examined. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of scale samples were conducted using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), along with the evaluation of changes in water quality parameters (such as conductivity, hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity, iron ions, and chloride ions) before and after the experiments. The results showed that after 360 h of circulation experiment, at a water temperature of 30 °C, electromagnetic field frequency of 1 kHz, electrochemical scale removal device voltage of 24 V, current of 10 A, and water flow rate of 0.6 m/s, the transformation of calcite to aragonite in CaCO3 scale samples occurred, with a 76.6% increase in aragonite content. Moreover, the conductivity decreased by 11.6%, hardness decreased by 42.0%, COD decreased by 59.7%, turbidity decreased by 48.1%, and chloride and iron ion concentrations decreased by 36.6% and 63.1%, respectively. The scale inhibition efficiency reached 53.8%, surpassing the effects of electromagnetic and electrochemical actions individually. These findings demonstrate that the combined action of electromagnetic and electrochemical fields can effectively enhance scale inhibition, scale removal, corrosion inhibition, and disinfection and algae removal effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)
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16 pages, 3804 KiB  
Article
Removal of Cr and Organic Matter from Real Tannery Wastewater via Fenton-like Process Using Commercial Nano-Scale Zero-Valent Iron
by Yaneth Vasquez, Jair Franco, Mario Vasquez, Felipe Agudelo, Eleni Petala, Jan Filip, Jose Galvis and Oscar Herrera
Water 2024, 16(5), 754; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050754 - 1 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
The tannery wastewater from the tanning stage (TWT) comprises organic and Cr pollutants, which can adversely affect aquatic life and have carcinogenic effects. In this study, we investigated the performance of a Fenton-like process using commercial Nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the simultaneous [...] Read more.
The tannery wastewater from the tanning stage (TWT) comprises organic and Cr pollutants, which can adversely affect aquatic life and have carcinogenic effects. In this study, we investigated the performance of a Fenton-like process using commercial Nano-scale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the simultaneous removal of Cr and organic matter from real TWT. We used an experimental design to select the principal operating parameters. A Plackett–Burman design identified variables for Cr-total and COD removal, followed by a central composite design (CC-D) to determine optimal variable levels. Finally, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimum concentration of individual variables influencing Cr-total removal. Additionally, the effect of the leather-related, co-existing substances that influenced the efficiency of the process and the possibility of recycling nZVI were explored. The inclusion of nZVI was significantly more effective at removing both Cr-total and COD (97.3% ± 5.7% and 73.9% ± 9.1%, respectively), whereas the traditional Fenton process achieved lower removal rates (55.6% ± 10.0% for Cr-total and 34.8% ± 10.9% for COD). The optimal conditions for the Fenton-like process were nZVI/H2O2 = 1.05 w/w, and pH = 2.93. We obtained the best results during the first 5 min of the reaction, which increased after 48 h of agitation and subsequent neutralization. According to the results of four consecutive cycles, nZVI exhibited high reusability (97%) without compromising its adsorption potency. XPS analysis confirmed Cr removal through the adsorption mechanism on the nZVI surface. Hence, a Fenton-like process based on nZVI can be used as a promising alternative for treating organic and Cr wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)
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38 pages, 5431 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Advanced Treatment Technologies for the Enhanced Reuse of Produced Water
by Fahad Al-Ajmi, Mohammed Al-Marri, Fares Almomani and Ahmed AlNouss
Water 2024, 16(22), 3306; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223306 - 18 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3967
Abstract
Produced water (PW) is considered to be the largest source of industrial wastewater associated with oil and gas extraction operations for industrial production. It is a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds that has high complexity in terms of various characteristics. Globally, the [...] Read more.
Produced water (PW) is considered to be the largest source of industrial wastewater associated with oil and gas extraction operations for industrial production. It is a mixture of organic and inorganic compounds that has high complexity in terms of various characteristics. Globally, the volume of PW is increasing along with the expansion of gas and oil fields, leading to major impacts on the environment. Existing treatment technologies involve partially treating the PW through removing the suspended solids, heavy metals, without removing organic components and re-injecting the water underground using water disposal injection wells. The treatment process consists of a primary treatment unit to remove the particles, followed a secondary biological or chemical processing treatment, while the final treatment stage involves the use of a tertiary treatment unit to improve the water quality and remove the remainder of the undesired components. Moreover, while PW is considered one of the available options to be utilized as a water source, no alternate advanced treatment options on a commercial scale are available at present due to the limitations of existing PW treatment technologies, associated with their maintainability, sustainability, cost, and level of quality improvement. As such, research focused on finding an optimal treatment approach to improve the overall process continues to be conducted, with the aim of reusing the water instead of injecting it underground. This literature review discusses the latest advanced technologies for PW treatment aimed at reusing the full stream capacity of PW and eliminating the need for wastewater disposal via injection. It is concluded that researchers should focus on hybrid treatment technologies in order to remove the pollutants from PW, effectively allowing for its reuse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)
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15 pages, 4941 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Zero Liquid Discharge Technology for Desulfurization Wastewater
by Feng Xu, Sanmei Zhao, Bin Li, Haihua Li, Zhongqian Ling, Guangxue Zhang and Maosheng Liu
Water 2024, 16(6), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16060900 - 20 Mar 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3373
Abstract
Desulfurization wastewater is industrial wastewater with a high salt content, high metal ions, and high hardness produced by flue gas desulfurization of the limestone-gypsum method in coal-fired power plants. This paper summarizes the source of desulfurization wastewater, water quality characteristics, water quality impacts, [...] Read more.
Desulfurization wastewater is industrial wastewater with a high salt content, high metal ions, and high hardness produced by flue gas desulfurization of the limestone-gypsum method in coal-fired power plants. This paper summarizes the source of desulfurization wastewater, water quality characteristics, water quality impacts, and other factors, combined with the current status of research worldwide to introduce the advantages and shortcomings of the existing desulfurization wastewater treatment technology. In addition, zero liquid discharge technology as a novel method to treat desulfurization wastewater is also summarized. It mainly includes evaporation and crystallization, flue gas evaporation, membrane distillation removal, etc. Finally, this manuscript looks forward to the future development direction of desulfurization wastewater based on its existing technology and emission standards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Processes for Industrial Wastewater Treatment)
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