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Sediment Pollution: Methods, Processes and Remediation Technologies
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Sediment Pollution: Methods, Processes and Remediation Technologies

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2026) | Viewed by 5440

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaofei Tan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410005, China
Interests: agricultural and rural water reuse; innovative water treatment technologies; biochar; emerging contaminants; sediment–soil remediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ming Kong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
Interests: phosphorus mobility and control; eutrophication management; sediment–water interface; sediment–water remediation; in situ amendment; adsorption technology; nutrient trans-formation; heavy metals interaction; antibiotics contamination
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zhe Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
Interests: phosphorus; sediment; zeolite; adsorption; in situ inactivation; ecological restoration; wastewater treatment; acid mine drainage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sediments serve as both sinks and secondary sources of environmental contaminants, exerting critical influence on aquatic ecosystem health and sustainability. This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in sediment science, including but not limited to the following five major topics:

  1. Innovative methods and techniques for characterizing sediment properties and contaminant behavior;
  2. Biogeochemical processes and mechanistic insights into contaminant transformation, mobility, and ecological risk;
  3. Remediation technologies, including both in situ and ex situ approaches, for the treatment of contaminated and degraded sediments;
  4. Applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data for monitoring, modeling, and managing sediment pollution;
  5. Emerging contaminants, such as microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and other novel pollutants, and their complex interactions within sediment–water systems.

We welcome contributions offering innovative scientific theories, methodological advances, and applied solutions that bridge environmental geochemistry, ecological engineering, and risk science. The collection aims to connect fundamental research with practical applications, supporting more effective and sustainable strategies for sediment pollution control and ecosystem restoration.

Prof. Dr. Xiaofei Tan
Prof. Dr. Ming Kong
Prof. Dr. Zhe Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sediment
  • eutrophication
  • contaminant characterization
  • biogeochemical processes
  • risk assessment
  • phosphorus
  • heavy metal
  • emerging contaminants
  • in situ and ex situ remediation
  • artificial intelligence
  • data-driven sediment management

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
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  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 5587 KB  
Article
Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Maoming Coastal Zone, China
by Qiqi Chen, Xuewan Wu, Tongzhi Lu, Lifeng Xu, Yan Li and Zhifeng Wan
Water 2026, 18(2), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18020263 - 19 Jan 2026
Viewed by 579
Abstract
Coastal zones, as critical ocean–land–atmosphere ecotones, face significant ecological threats from persistent organic pollutants like organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the understanding of the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of OCPs and PCBs in [...] Read more.
Coastal zones, as critical ocean–land–atmosphere ecotones, face significant ecological threats from persistent organic pollutants like organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the understanding of the pollution characteristics and ecological risks of OCPs and PCBs in the coastal environment of South China, especially in western Guangdong. Due to the absence of prior research on these pollutants in the Maoming area, we measured the grain sizes from 157 sediment samples and the concentrations of PCBs and OCPs from 11 key locations to assess their environmental occurrence and risks. As analyzed by the GC-MS system, OCP levels range from 0.39 to 50.20 ng/g (mean 10.25 ng/g), while PCB concentrations range from 1.6 to 92.59 ng/g. Through the analysis of pollutant data and analysis of similar areas, we found that OCPs and PCBs in the Maoming coastal zone primarily originate from fishing port operations, ship antifouling paints, and historical legacy pollutants. In addition, the distribution of pollution is significantly controlled by hydrodynamic conditions and the semi-enclosed geomorphological characteristics of the bay. As grain size increases, the correlation with pollutant concentrations shifts from positive to negative. This trend reveals that finer-grained sediments in low-energy environments accumulate significantly higher levels of pollution compared to their coarser counterparts in more dynamic settings. Compared to other coastal regions globally, the study area demonstrates relatively lower pollution intensity. Dual assessments using Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) and Sediment Quality Standards (SQSs) indicate a generally low probability of adverse biological effects, with elevated risk localized to sites near port activities. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of OCP and PCB pollution in the Maoming coastal zone and also provides a reference for pollution assessment in similar areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sediment Pollution: Methods, Processes and Remediation Technologies)
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Review

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19 pages, 2364 KB  
Review
Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP): Bibliometric Analysis, Research Hotspot Evolution, and Mechanistic Insights (2005–2024)
by Rui Xiao, Guoping Jiang, Wenbo Chai, Zhengyu Jin, Runbao Du, Mumtaz Khan, Zhenghua Liu, Huaqun Yin and Lechang Xu
Water 2025, 17(23), 3332; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233332 - 21 Nov 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3815
Abstract
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is recognized as a promising, environmentally sustainable technology with diverse applications in environmental engineering. A bibliometric analysis of 5373 publications indexed in Web of Science from 2005 to 2024 was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to identify [...] Read more.
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is recognized as a promising, environmentally sustainable technology with diverse applications in environmental engineering. A bibliometric analysis of 5373 publications indexed in Web of Science from 2005 to 2024 was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to identify research trends and hotspots in biomineralization and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) studies. The results showed exponential growth in publications, increasing from 96 in 2004 to 397 in 2024 and spanning 91 interdisciplinary research areas. China, United States of America, and Germany were identified as the leading contributors. Research evolution was categorized into five distinct phases, progressing from initial crystal formation investigations to the current emphasis on underlying microbial mechanisms. Trend analysis revealed four emerging research hotspots: interfaces (0.22), crystal morphology (0.18), amorphous calcium carbonate (0.05), and bacteria (0.02). Mechanisms of MICP across bacteria, fungi, and algae were examined, revealing diverse metabolic pathways, including urea hydrolysis, denitrification, and photosynthesis. These findings suggest a paradigm shift in research toward microbial diversity and the role of extracellular polymeric substances. This shift provides valuable insights for developing sustainable biotechnological applications in environmental remediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sediment Pollution: Methods, Processes and Remediation Technologies)
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Other

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35 pages, 2690 KB  
Systematic Review
Integrated Sediment Yield Estimation and Control in Erosion-Prone Watersheds: A Systematic Review of Models, Strategies, and Emerging Technologies
by Kevin Paolo V. Robles, Cris Edward F. Monjardin, Jerose G. Solmerin and Gerald Christian E. Pugat
Water 2026, 18(6), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18060751 - 23 Mar 2026
Viewed by 594
Abstract
Sediment yield remains a major challenge in erosion-prone watersheds because it affects reservoir capacity, water quality, hydraulic infrastructure, and ecological stability. Although numerous studies have examined sediment yield estimation and sediment control, these topics are often treated separately, limiting the development of integrated [...] Read more.
Sediment yield remains a major challenge in erosion-prone watersheds because it affects reservoir capacity, water quality, hydraulic infrastructure, and ecological stability. Although numerous studies have examined sediment yield estimation and sediment control, these topics are often treated separately, limiting the development of integrated watershed management strategies. Unlike many existing sediment yield review papers that focus primarily on predictive models, erosion processes, or management measures in isolation, this study provides an integrated synthesis of sediment yield estimation methods and sediment control strategies within a single watershed management framework for erosion-prone environments. The review covers empirical models, traditional sampling, physically based models, and emerging data-driven tools such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, remote sensing, and sensor-based monitoring, alongside structural, vegetative, and adaptive sediment control measures. The reviewed literature indicates three major trends: increasing integration of GIS and remote sensing with conventional models, wider use of process-based models for scenario analysis, and rapid growth of AI-based methods for real-time and nonlinear prediction. The findings further show that no single estimation or control strategy is universally applicable; performance depends strongly on watershed scale, sediment connectivity, land use, climatic regime, and data availability. Overall, the review highlights the need for integrated, adaptive, and site-specific sediment management frameworks that combine predictive modeling, monitoring technologies, and practical control interventions to improve long-term watershed resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sediment Pollution: Methods, Processes and Remediation Technologies)
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