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Veterinary Sciences
Special Issues
Anesthesia and Pain Management in Large Animals
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Anesthesia and Pain Management in Large Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 3775

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giovanna Costa

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: anaesthesia; analgesia; veterinary
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fabio Leonardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences Medicine, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
Interests: animal health; drug delivery; smart devices for drug delivery; biomaterials; surgery; anesthesiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giuseppe Bruschetta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: biochemistry; veterinary medicine; molecular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Anesthetic and analgesic drugs authorized for livestock (e.g., sheep, goats, cows, horses) are very limited. Lidocaine is the main anesthetic used to perform most surgical procedures in livestock animals where the surgery is performed with the animal standing. However, some surgeries require the patient to lie down. Furthermore, due to pre-existing inflammatory pathologies, lidocaine may be unsuitable for performing surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to provide information on anesthetic and analgesic protocols applicable to large animals to ensure their well-being during surgical procedures.

Dr. Giovanna Costa
Prof. Dr. Fabio Leonardi
Dr. Giuseppe Bruschetta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anesthetic
  • analgesic
  • lidocaine
  • pain management
  • surgery
  • large animal
  • livestock

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 250 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Depth of Anesthesia Sleep Quality in Swine Undergoing Hernia Repair: Effects of Romifidine/Ketamine-Diazepam Protocols with and Without Tramadol and the Potential Role of Serotonin as a Biomarker
by Fabio Bruno, Fabio Leonardi, Filippo Spadola, Giuseppe Bruschetta, Patrizia Licata, Veronica Cristina Neve and Giovanna Lucrezia Costa
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(8), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12080722 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
Sedation and anesthesia are essential for ensuring animal welfare during surgical procedures such as hernia repair in swine. However, the number of sedative and anesthetic agents officially approved for livestock use remained limited. This study evaluated the sedative efficacy and serotonergic effects of [...] Read more.
Sedation and anesthesia are essential for ensuring animal welfare during surgical procedures such as hernia repair in swine. However, the number of sedative and anesthetic agents officially approved for livestock use remained limited. This study evaluated the sedative efficacy and serotonergic effects of a romifidine/ketamine/diazepam protocol, with and without the addition of tramadol, in swine undergoing umbilical hernia repair. Sixty-six crossbred Large White swine were randomly allocated to three groups: LL (lidocaine 4 mg/kg by infiltration), LT (lidocaine 2 mg/kg by infiltration + tramadol 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally), and TT (lidocaine2 mg/kg by infiltration + tramadol 4 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The physiological parameters heart rate, arterial pressure, oxygen saturation, rectal body temperature, and respiratory rate were assessed. The depth of intraoperative anesthesia and postoperative sedation was assessed using an ordinal scoring system (0–3). Plasma serotonin (5-HT) concentration was measured at baseline and 24 h post-surgery. Physiological parameters remained within species-specific reference ranges throughout the procedure. Anesthesia depth scores significantly decreased over time in all groups (p ≤ 0.001), with the tramadol-treated groups (LT and TT) showing more prolonged deeper anesthesia. Postoperative sedation was significantly higher in the TT group (p ≤ 0.001). Serotonin concentration decreased in LL, increased in LT, and remained stable in TT. These findings suggest that tramadol may enhance sedation and recovery, potentially through serotonergic modulation. Moreover, serotonin could serve as a physiological marker warranting further investigation in future studies of anesthetic protocols in veterinary medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anesthesia and Pain Management in Large Animals)
13 pages, 256 KB  
Article
Comparison of Ketamine/Diazepam and Tiletamine/Zolazepam Combinations for Anaesthesia Induction in Horses Undergoing Partial Intravenous Anaesthesia (PIVA): A Retrospective Clinical Study
by Carlotta Lambertini, Elena Boanini, Isabelle Casalini, Francesca Spaccini, Riccardo Rinnovati and Noemi Romagnoli
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(12), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120612 - 30 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1948
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the combinations of ketamine/diazepam (KD group) and tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ group) for the induction of general anaesthesia in horses undergoing elective surgery. The data from the clinical and the anaesthetic records of 138 horses [...] Read more.
The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the combinations of ketamine/diazepam (KD group) and tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ group) for the induction of general anaesthesia in horses undergoing elective surgery. The data from the clinical and the anaesthetic records of 138 horses from 2021 to 2023 were evaluated, and the horses were divided in two groups: KD (n = 60) and TZ (n = 72). The horses were premedicated with romifidine and methadone IV; anaesthesia was induced with ketamine/diazepam for the KD group and tiletamine/zolazepam for the TZ group and was maintained with isoflurane and a constant rate infusion of romifidine. The data encompassed sex and neuter status, age, breed, weight, American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status, type of surgical procedure performed under anaesthesia, induction time, induction score, surgery time, recovery time, and the recovery score using a descriptive scale. Baseline heart rate (HR), intraoperative HR, baseline respiratory rate (fR), intraoperative fR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and fraction of expired isoflurane (FE’Iso) were also recorded. The induction time was significantly longer (p = 0.004) in the TZ group (60 (40–120)) as compared to the KD group (50 (30–120)). Recovery time was also significantly longer (p ≤ 0.001) in the TZ group (46.5 (15–125)) as compared to the KD group (30 (5–105)). These findings suggested that, in adult horses undergoing elective surgery, TZ could be considered a valid alternative to KD for the induction of general anaesthesia. Additional experimental studies comparing the two induction regimens and their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anesthesia and Pain Management in Large Animals)
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