Veterinary Sciences

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) represents a principal infectious agent causing considerable economic detriment to swine production. N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), which catalyzes N⁴-acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) deposition, has been implicated in regulating immune responses, RNA stability, and viral replication. However, its role in PCV2 infection remains unclear. In this study, we established a PCV2-infected PK15 cell model and observed a marked downregulation of NAT10 expression following infection. Functional assays demonstrated that NAT10 knockdown significantly suppressed PCV2 replication in PK15 cells. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that NAT10 silencing altered the expression of 81 genes, predominantly involved in immune-related signaling pathways. Notably, integrative omics analysis identified NR1H4 as a potential downstream target of NAT10. Collectively, these findings elucidate the regulatory mechanism of NAT10 in PCV2 replication and provide new insights for identifying NAT10 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PCV2 infection in pigs.

Bovine mastitis is a prevalent infectious disease in dairy cattle, causing inflammation, pain, reduced milk yield, and economic losses. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment, yet irresponsible use can lead to the presence of antibiotic residues in milk and contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing significant risks to public health and food safety. This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on mastitis management, antibiotic use and resulting residues in milk, their public health and environmental impacts, and alternative strategies to reduce antibiotic dependence, framed within a One Health–One Welfare perspective. Antibiotic residues in milk are closely linked to treatment practices, withdrawal period compliance, and regulatory oversight, with prevalence ranging from <1% in some European countries to over 80% in parts of Africa. Residues, particularly from β-lactams, tetracyclines, and quinolones, can disrupt human intestinal microbiota, promote resistant bacterial strains, trigger immunological reactions, and interfere with dairy processing. Environmental contamination through excreted antibiotics further facilitates the spread of resistance. Sustainable alternatives, including probiotics, phytotherapy, vaccines, and improved farm biosecurity, show promise in reducing antibiotic use while maintaining animal welfare and productivity. Antibiotic therapy remains essential for mastitis control, but its consequences on milk safety, public health, and AMR require prudent management. Integrating monitoring, adherence to withdrawal periods, and sustainable alternatives within a One Health–One Welfare framework is critical for ensuring safe, responsible, and environmentally sustainable dairy production.

Surgical intervention is essential for many orthopedic conditions in dogs, which are a common cause of pain and debilitation [...]