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Veterinary Sciences
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Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Animals: Clinical, Immunological, Epidemiological...
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Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Animals: Clinical, Immunological, Epidemiological and Public Health Aspects

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2026) | Viewed by 4235

Editors

Dr. Asaf Sol

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel
Interests: virology; veterinary virology; host-pathogen interactions; animal viruses; viral enteritis
Dr. Nir Rudoler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Virology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel
Interests: zoonotic diseases; veterinary public health; One Health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral infections have always played a critical role in the welfare of wildlife and domestic animals. Throughout history, the significance of animal viruses has gradually increased due to spill-over events, which have caused significant outbreaks in naive populations. Recent examples include the Epizootic Avian Influenza H5N1 (specifically clade 2.3.4.4b), the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the human Ebola outbreaks. Moreover, increasing data supporting the effect of climate change on the prevalence of viral diseases, coupled with the potential for zoonotic and reverse zoonotic events, underscores the importance of adopting a One Health approach to mitigate these issues.

This Issue, titled "Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Animals: Clinical, Immunological, Epidemiological and Public Health Aspects" focuses on discovering novel phenomena related to viral infections in animals. This includes the description of novel animal pathogens, disease mechanisms, and the environmental factors that determine viral diseases, among other topics.

We believe this Issue will provide new insights into animal viruses, uncover novel viral agents in animals, and offer new data on emerging and re-emerging pathogens, including those with zoonotic potential. We are confident that this collection of work will significantly contribute to our understanding of this important field.

Dr. Asaf Sol
Dr. Nir Rudoler
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viruses
  • zoonosis
  • spill-over
  • wildlife
  • domestic
  • livestock
  • One Health
  • public health
  • emerging pathogen
  • pathogenesis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 5557 KB  
Article
Molecular Epidemiological Survey of Porcine Rotavirus in the Guangxi Region from 2020 to 2025 and Isolation and Identification of the G9P[23] Strain CH-GXGL-PoRV-3151-2021
by Shuo Zhao, Xianhua Wu, Ying He, Jinmu Lin, Xinlin Zhong, Baojiang Lin, Wen Zhao, Xinting Xu, Qunpeng Duan, Xunye Yang, Han Shao, Ying Peng, Yilan Xu, Tingting Chen, Chenyu Quan, Bingxia Lu, Wenfeng Wang, Yang Qin, Zhongwei Chen, Yangqing Lu and Yibin Qinadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(7), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13070631 - 29 Jun 2026
Viewed by 370
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) has emerged as a primary pathogen causing viral diarrhea in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses. This study was conducted to systematically characterize the epidemiology and genotypic characteristics of PoRV in Guangxi, China. A total of 870 diarrheic pig samples [...] Read more.
Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) has emerged as a primary pathogen causing viral diarrhea in pigs, resulting in significant economic losses. This study was conducted to systematically characterize the epidemiology and genotypic characteristics of PoRV in Guangxi, China. A total of 870 diarrheic pig samples were collected from Guangxi during 2020–2025. The qRT-PCR results indicated an overall PoRV-positive rate of 41.38% (360/870), and the annual positivity rate showed an overall upward trend. The genetic evolutionary analysis of the VP4, VP6, and VP7 genes indicated that PoRV predominantly belonged to the A group and the predominant P genotype observed was P[13] (76.83%), while the G genotypes were G5 (36.56%) and G9 (33.33%). The most prevalent genotype combinations were G9P[13]I5 and G5P[13]I5. CH-GXGL-PoRV-3151-2021, a PoRV strain isolated from positive samples, was identified via RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, whole-genome sequencing, and IFA. This strain was assigned the 11-segment genotype constellation G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 based on whole-genome sequencing. NSP1 and NSP2 showed high similarity to human rotavirus strains, whereas VP1–VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP3–NSP5 showed high similarity to porcine rotavirus strains. This study indicates the widespread circulation of PoRV in Guangxi, with multiple G genotypes, including G9, G5, G4, G3, G2, and G26, being detected. The isolated G9P[23]I5 strain exhibits the same genotype as the strains that have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. This strain may represent a possible reassortant between porcine and human rotaviruses. This study offers significant insights into the epidemiology of PoRV and the prevalent genotypes in Guangxi, thereby supporting the development of targeted prevention strategies and novel vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Animals: Clinical, Immunological, Epidemiological and Public Health Aspects)
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27 pages, 5185 KB  
Article
Whole-Genome Analysis of LSDV Isolates from the 2019 and 2023 Outbreaks in Israel Points to Undetected Circulation and Recombination Events
by Praveen Kumar Verma, Manoj Kumar, Marisol Rubinstein-Guini, Sharon Karniely and Elad Eliahoo
Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(4), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13040333 - 30 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1359
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a large DNA capripoxvirus that causes LSD, a disease that has major economic impact. Since 1989, several sporadic outbreaks were reported in Israel, with the latest outbreaks in 2012, 2019 and 2023. Although considered genetically stable, LSDV [...] Read more.
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a large DNA capripoxvirus that causes LSD, a disease that has major economic impact. Since 1989, several sporadic outbreaks were reported in Israel, with the latest outbreaks in 2012, 2019 and 2023. Although considered genetically stable, LSDV shows a high degree of genetic recombination events and genetic variations. In particular, in-frame nonsense mutations were suggested to act as one of the main evolutionary drivers of outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing of LSDV isolates from the 2019 and 2023 outbreaks was used for genomic analysis using various bioinformatics tools to characterize the genomic evolution, recombination events and micro-evolutionary forces shaping LSDV in Israel by comparing isolates. Comparative genomic analysis revealed substantial nucleotide substitutions in the 2019 and 2023 isolates relative to the 2012 isolate. Specifically, increased nucleotide mismatches, inter-genic deletion, enhanced APOBEC editing signatures and elevated codon usage. Additionally, numerous mutations were recognized, leading to structural disruptions in specific viral proteins and possible RNA instability. In conclusion, this analysis supports that nucleotide substitutions, codon selection pressure and APOBEC-associated editing had driven local microevolution of LSDV during the years between outbreaks despite the absence of clinical indications and major vaccination campaigns. Furthermore, genomic evidences of recombination events between the 2012 and 2019 isolates suggests that these processes may have contributed to the emergence of the variant identified during the 2023 outbreak. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Animals: Clinical, Immunological, Epidemiological and Public Health Aspects)
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12 pages, 1481 KB  
Article
Identification of a Novel Antigenic Epitope in Envelope Protein of Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus
by Jingzhe Han, Mengmeng Huang, Guodong Wang, Yulong Zhang, Runhang Liu, Hangbo Yu, Ziwen Wu, Erjing Ke, Dan Ling, Suyan Wang, Yuntong Chen, Yongzhen Liu, Yanping Zhang, Hongyu Cui, Yulu Duan, Liuan Li, Yulong Gao and Xiaole Qi
Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(3), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13030263 - 12 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1127
Abstract
Avian reticuloendotheliosis (RE) caused by reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an important tumor and immunosuppressive disease posing a serious threat to poultry development. The REV envelope protein, glycoprotein (gp)-90, not only participates in cell receptor binding and viral assembly and release but also induces [...] Read more.
Avian reticuloendotheliosis (RE) caused by reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is an important tumor and immunosuppressive disease posing a serious threat to poultry development. The REV envelope protein, glycoprotein (gp)-90, not only participates in cell receptor binding and viral assembly and release but also induces neutralizing antibody production. However, the antigenic epitope structure of gp90 has not yet been systematically understood. Therefore, in this study, the gp90 envelope protein of a predominant REV strain was prepared using a prokaryotic expression system, and a hybridoma cell line stably secreting the REV gp90 monoclonal antibody was developed via cell fusion and flow cytometry. Notably, a novel linear B-cell epitope, 195REESVRERL203, was identified for the first time in the gp90 of REV using peptide scanning. This epitope was located on the outer side of the gp90 midpiece and was conserved across REV strains. Overall, this study is of great significance for the systematic understanding of REV antigen structure and the development of virus detection methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Animals: Clinical, Immunological, Epidemiological and Public Health Aspects)
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18 pages, 3301 KB  
Article
Long Non-Coding RNA Encoded by Infectious Bronchitis Virus Facilitates Viral Replication via Direct Interaction with G3BP2 and Expression Regulation of a Novel Host MicroRNA
by Mingjing Zhang, Zhichao Cai, Hongliu An, Rong He, Songbai Zhang and Shouguo Fang
Vet. Sci. 2026, 13(3), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci13030215 - 25 Feb 2026
Viewed by 934
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) encoded by viruses play crucial roles in viral infection, pathogenesis processes, the interaction between viruses and hosts, and immune escape. Herein, by employing RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry technology, and RNA immunoprecipitation, we identified a host protein (G3BP2) that specifically [...] Read more.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) encoded by viruses play crucial roles in viral infection, pathogenesis processes, the interaction between viruses and hosts, and immune escape. Herein, by employing RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry technology, and RNA immunoprecipitation, we identified a host protein (G3BP2) that specifically interacts with the lncRNA encoded by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Additionally, we identified a novel host miRNA (novel-340) in IBV-infected H1299 cells and further verified that novel-340 can target the 3′-UTR (untranslated region) of G3BP2 and downregulate its expression in a dose-dependent manner. We discovered that IBV-lncRNA may facilitate IBV replication in H1299 cells through direct interaction with G3BP2 and/or the regulation of the IBV-lncRNA/novel-340/G3BP2 interactive regulatory network. This work deepens the understanding of the biological function of IBV-lncRNA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections in Animals: Clinical, Immunological, Epidemiological and Public Health Aspects)
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