Immune Responses to Viruses

Dear Colleagues,

Viruses are a major threat to human health. They represent a global public health threat when they spread through social interactions, especially when they spread by airborne transmission, such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2. Viruses possess an economic and social burden with complex disease mechanisms. They must infect the host cells and use components of the host cell to make copies of virus. They affect individual hosts to various degrees; they survive, replicate, and cause diseases in their hosts. Often, viruses end up killing the host cell in the process, causing damage to the host. Well-known examples of viruses causing human diseases include, but are not limited to, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, HBV, HCV, varicella-zoster virus, and influenza viruses. Although many studies addressed the viral infections in humans from different aspects, many questions about viral disease mechanisms and preventive and therapeutic interventions remain enigmatic. How does innate and adaptive immunity respond to the virus? What are the underlying disease mechanisms? What are the short- and long-term effects on the infected host? What are the promising therapeutic targets for antiviral drugs? What are the effective and safe vaccines for adults and children?

For this Special Issue, we invite submissions in the form of reviews, research manuscripts, brief reports, as well as follow-up manuscripts that address these issues.

Dr. Mai Mostafa
Prof. Dr. P. J. Klasse
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.