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Vaccines
Special Issues
Vaccines for Porcine Viruses
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Vaccines for Porcine Viruses

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 1434

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hongxia Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150069, China
Interests: PRV; ASFV; vaccine; latent infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Porcine viruses are primarily host-specific to pigs, such as with Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV). However, some viruses, like Pseudorabies Virus (PRV), can infect various animals, including humans. The spread of these pig-originating viruses poses potential risks to food safety and public health, in spite of the effectiveness of vaccines in controlling infectious diseases related to pigs. Additionally, some viruses such as ASFV lack vaccines; others, such as PEDV and PRRSV, face challenges due to constant viral mutations that reduce vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, traditional attenuated live vaccines for pathogens like PRV and CSFV have limitations in purifying the virus. As such. this Special Issue will serve as a platform for sharing information on the research and development of pig-originating virus vaccines, both past and present.

Dr. Hongxia Wu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • infections
  • vaccine
  • adaptive immune response
  • epidemiology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2737 KiB  
Article
Immune Protection Gap Between Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Subunit Vaccine (N Protein) and Live Vaccine
by Mengpo Zhao, Pian Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Shengjun Luo, Ziguo Yuan, Yanju Huang, Gang Wang, Hua Xiang, Yuan Huang, Yuzhu Jin, Jing Chen and Xiaohu Wang
Vaccines 2025, 13(5), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050441 - 23 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the immunoprotective effect of a PRRSV N protein subunit vaccine on piglets using a live PRRSV vaccine as a control. Methods: The HEK-293T eukaryotic expression system was used to produce PRRSV N protein, and then PRRSV N protein [...] Read more.
Objectives: To evaluate the immunoprotective effect of a PRRSV N protein subunit vaccine on piglets using a live PRRSV vaccine as a control. Methods: The HEK-293T eukaryotic expression system was used to produce PRRSV N protein, and then PRRSV N protein was immunized with a commercial live PRRS vaccine. The immunoprotective effect of the PRRSV N protein subunit vaccine on piglets was evaluated by detecting the antibody level in the immunized piglets, and the clinical symptoms, pathological changes, and survival rate of the immunized piglets. Results: At 21 and 28 days after immunization, the serum N protein-specific antibody levels of piglets in the live PRRSV vaccine group were higher than those in the N protein group. After PRRSV infection, piglets in the N protein group and the DMEM group showed more severe clinical symptoms such as respiratory distress, loss of appetite, skin redness, and diarrhea than those in the live vaccine group. The rectal temperature of piglets in the live vaccine group remained below 40 °C, and only one piglet died on day 11 post-infection; in the PRRSV N protein group, the rectal temperature of some piglets exceeded 41 °C, and four piglets died on days 9, 11, 14, and 20 post-infection. In addition, pathologic damage to organs such as lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and kidneys was more severe in the N protein group than in the live vaccine group. Furthermore, histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed more pronounced organ damage (lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and kidneys) and higher viral loads in the N protein group compared to the live vaccine group. Conclusions: The PRRS subunit vaccine (N protein) expressed in the HEK-293T eukaryotic system did not protect piglets from heterologous PRRSV infection compared with the PRRS live vaccine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines for Porcine Viruses)
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14 pages, 1742 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Glycoprotein 5-Specific Response in Pigs Vaccinated with Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Derived from Two Different Lineages
by Jing Huang, Venkatramana D. Krishna, Igor A. D. Paploski, Kimberly VanderWaal, Declan C. Schroeder and Maxim C.-J. Cheeran
Vaccines 2025, 13(3), 247; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030247 - 27 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is classified into various lineages based on the phylogenetic variation of orf5, which encodes a major surface glycoprotein GP5 containing both neutralizing and non-neutralizing linear epitopes. Several positively selected sites have been identified on [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is classified into various lineages based on the phylogenetic variation of orf5, which encodes a major surface glycoprotein GP5 containing both neutralizing and non-neutralizing linear epitopes. Several positively selected sites have been identified on the GP5 ectodomain, indicating host immune pressure on these sites. This present study aimed to investigate the kinetics of antibody responses to GP5 and to map the epitope-specific response to the GP5 ectodomain from different PRRSV lineages after vaccination with commercially available modified live virus (MLV) vaccines. Methods: Post-weaning pigs were vaccinated with MLV vaccines derived from either lineage 1D (Prevacent PRRS®) or lineage 5 (Ingelvac PRRS®). Animals were challenged with a heterologous (lineage 1A) strain at 64 days post-vaccination (dpv). Blood samples were collected at various times post-vaccination and challenge. Kinetics of antibody response to different PRRSV antigens were monitored and virus neutralization against archetypal and contemporary strains belonging to lineage 5 and 1A were evaluated. In addition, antibody responses to peptides derived from the GP5 ectodomain of different viral lineages were assessed. Results: Our results showed that the GP5-specific antibody response observed between 18 and 35 dpv was delayed compared to responses to the viral nucleocapsid protein. The polyclonal antibody response in both vaccinated groups showed similar levels of binding to variant GP5 peptides from different sub-lineages. Notably, in both vaccinated groups, the antibody directed to a peptide representing the GP5 ectodomain of a lineage 1C strain (variant 1C.5) displayed a rise in titer at 64 dpv, which was further increased by the challenge with the lineage 1A strain. Less than 50% of animals developed heterologous neutralizing antibodies post-vaccination with both MLV vaccines. However, higher neutralization titers were observed in all vaccinated animal post-challenge. Conclusions: Together, these data provide insights into the antibody responses to the GP5 ectodomain in MLV-vaccinated swine herds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines for Porcine Viruses)
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