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Vaccines
Special Issues
Immune Strategies and Vaccine Development against Veterinary Virus Infection
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Immune Strategies and Vaccine Development against Veterinary Virus Infection

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Vaccines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 4611

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jegarubee Bavananthasivam

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
Interests: host immune responses; virus–host interactions; immunogenicity of vaccines; mucosal immunity; pathogenesis; trained immunity; infectious diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tamiru Alkie

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Guest Editor
National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada
Interests: influenza immunology; innate immune responses; vaccines; adjuvants; mucosal immunity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The spread of animal viruses due to changes in the environment not only affects the health and performance of the animals but also significantly impacts animal food production. Some viruses have zoonotic potential and pose a threat to human health as well. In addition, the continued evolution of viral pathogens and the emergence of new variants challenge the effectiveness of vaccination strategies in practice. To combat emerging infectious viral diseases and develop vaccine strategies against novel viruses to employ control and preventive measures, clear insight into the host immune responses against viral pathogens in animals and vaccines is essential. Current research in viral infectious diseases using cutting-edge technologies and novel approaches helps us to understand the mechanisms of immune responses of vaccines and viral pathogens in animal species. 

This Special Issue focuses on recent research progress in vaccine development, immune strategies, host immune responses, and host–virus interaction in livestock and companion animals. It will provide an opportunity to share evolving knowledge on veterinary immunology and vaccinology of infectious diseases to scholars working in this area. This Special Issue will also consider the developing knowledge on the unexplored area of host–virus interaction for potential intervention methodologies and other immune-related aspects of veterinary viruses. 

For this Special Issue of Vaccines, original research articles, reviews and systematic reviews are welcome for submission. Research areas include, but are not limited to, the immune responses to viral infections of veterinary interest, the development of vaccines, vaccine adjuvants, vaccine delivery systems, vaccine responses in the host, and novel approaches to induce protective innate and adaptive immune responses in the host. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jegarubee Bavananthasivam
Dr. Tamiru Alkie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral infection
  • infectious diseases
  • immune responses
  • vaccines
  • livestock
  • companion animals

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2221 KiB  
Article
Nanoparticle-Based mRNA Vaccine Induces Protective Neutralizing Antibodies Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus in In-Vivo Infection
by Aseno Sakhrie, Ankarao Kalluri, Zeinab H. Helal, Challa V. Kumar and Mazhar I. Khan
Vaccines 2025, 13(6), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13060568 - 26 May 2025
Viewed by 203
Abstract
Background: Live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines are commonly used against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens, but they have limitations such as mutation risks and short efficacy. This study explores cationic bovine serum albumin (BSA) polyamine nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering IBV spike [...] Read more.
Background: Live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines are commonly used against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens, but they have limitations such as mutation risks and short efficacy. This study explores cationic bovine serum albumin (BSA) polyamine nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering IBV spike protein mRNA, aiming to develop a safer and more effective vaccine. Methods: A BSA-based nanoparticle system was designed with positive surface charges and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zetasizer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Its cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and ability to deliver IBV spike protein mRNA were evaluated in macrophage-like chicken cell lines (HD11), followed by immunogenicity studies in SPF chickens to assess immune responses. Results: The study demonstrated successful binding and transfection efficiency of the in vitro transcription (IVT)-mRNA complexed with the NPs, which was enhanced with chloroquine. Immunogenicity studies in SPF chickens showed a significant increase in antibody titers in chickens vaccinated with the mRNA vaccine compared to the PBS control, indicating an effective immune response against the IBV S protein. Furthermore, the neutralization index doubled after a higher-dose mRNA booster with chloroquine, and PBMCs from immunized chickens exhibited a threefold higher stimulation index than the PBS control. Conclusions: BSA-based NPs effectively deliver IBV spike protein mRNA, enhancing immune responses and offering a promising strategy for a safer, more effective IBV vaccine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Strategies and Vaccine Development against Veterinary Virus Infection)
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9 pages, 242 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of a New Multivalent Vaccine for the Control of Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Commercial Fattening Units
by Mariona Tapiolas, Marta Gibert, Carlos Montbrau, Ester Taberner, Marina Solé, Héctor Santo Tomás, Ainhoa Puig and Ricard March
Vaccines 2024, 12(11), 1233; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111233 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1775
Abstract
A new multivalent vaccine (DIVENCE®), containing live gE/tk double-gene-deleted BoHV-1, live-attenuated BRSV, inactivated PI3, and BVDV-1, and BVDV-2 recombinant proteins, has been designed to protect cattle against the main viral pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The aim of this [...] Read more.
A new multivalent vaccine (DIVENCE®), containing live gE/tk double-gene-deleted BoHV-1, live-attenuated BRSV, inactivated PI3, and BVDV-1, and BVDV-2 recombinant proteins, has been designed to protect cattle against the main viral pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of DIVENCE® against BRD in field conditions. A total of 360 animals from three different farms were included in this study. Calves were randomly distributed to the vaccinated (n = 183; DIVENCE®) or control (n = 177; phosphate-buffered saline solution) group. All animals received two intramuscular doses (2 mL/dose) three weeks apart of the corresponding product. The entire fattening period (approximately 9 months) was monitored to assess the incidence, severity, and morbidity of BRD as well as administered treatments and growth performance. During this study, a BRSV outbreak was reported in one farm, where vaccinated animals had significantly (p < 0.02) lower morbidity (20.4%) and severity (score of 1.70) compared to the control group (53.70% and score of 2.11). Overall, vaccinated animals had a significantly lower number of cases (p < 0.001; 0.36 vs. 0.64 cases/calf), lower morbidity (p < 0.004; 26.78% vs. 41.24%), and lower antimicrobial treatments (p = 0.01; 33.3% vs. 57.4%) than control animals. Vaccinated animals presented significantly (p = 0.01) higher carcass weight than controls (6.58 kg). Vaccination with DIVENCE® at the beginning of the fattening period decreased the incidence and morbidity of BRD following a BRSV outbreak. Additionally, the overall incidence and morbidity of BRD throughout the entire fattening period were reduced across farms. Thus, DIVENCE® can improve economic outcomes in fattening units by reducing antibiotic treatments and enhancing performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Strategies and Vaccine Development against Veterinary Virus Infection)
18 pages, 3471 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multiple Epitope Polypeptide from Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in Mice
by Santiago Rendon-Marin, Daniel-Santiago Rincón-Tabares, Jorge H. Tabares-Guevara, Natalia Arbeláez, Jorge E. Forero-Duarte, Francisco J. Díaz, Sara M. Robledo, Juan C. Hernandez and Julian Ruiz-Saenz
Vaccines 2024, 12(10), 1140; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12101140 - 4 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1717
Abstract
Background: Morbillivirus canis is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects diverse domestic and wild animals. Vaccination is considered the most suitable strategy for controlling CDV dissemination, transmission, and distemper disease. However, the emergence of new CDV strains has led [...] Read more.
Background: Morbillivirus canis is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects diverse domestic and wild animals. Vaccination is considered the most suitable strategy for controlling CDV dissemination, transmission, and distemper disease. However, the emergence of new CDV strains has led to the need to update the current vaccine strategies employed to prevent CDV infection in domestic and wild animals. Currently, there is a lack of effective alternatives for wild animals. Diverse computational tools, especially peptide-based therapies, enable the development of new universal vaccines. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and humoral and cellular immune response of a new generation of vaccines based on CDV peptides as single-peptide mixtures or multiepitope CDV polypeptides in mice. Methods: Twenty-four BALB/c mice were subjected to a three-dose regimen for 28 days. Seroconversion was evaluated via ELISA, and cellular immune responses were evaluated via flow cytometry through activation-induced markers (AIMs). Results: Compared with the placebo, the peptide mixture and multiepitope CDV polypeptide were safe, and seroconversion was statistically significant in the multiepitope CDV polypeptide and commercial vaccine (CV) groups. The numbers of antigen-specific CD4+CD134+ and IFN-γ+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and TNF-α- and IL-6-producing cells were greater in the mice immunized with the multiepitope CDV polypeptide than in the control mice. Conclusion: This combined approach represents a potential step forward in developing new immunization candidates or enhancing current commercial vaccines to control CDV disease in domestic dogs and wild animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Strategies and Vaccine Development against Veterinary Virus Infection)
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