Neurobiological Impacts of Infection, Protective Effects, and Clinical Implications of Vaccines

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Vaccines, Clinical Advancement, and Associated Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 302

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
Interests: multimodal neuroimaging and neurophysiology modalities; neuroprotective potential of vaccination; neurobiological consequences of infections and abused substances on brain function

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Guest Editor
Section on Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
Interests: tropical diseases and infections; pre-clinical vaccine development and testing; clinical vaccine trials
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccines represent one of medicine's greatest achievements, yet their neurobiological effects remain underinvestigated. This Special Issue explores the complex interactions between vaccination and the nervous system, examining both beneficial and adverse neurobiological outcomes. We seek contributions investigating the neuromodulatory effects and mechanisms of vaccines, including immunomodulatory effects on brain health and direct protection from pathogens. This Special Issue will address implications ranging from preventing vaccine-preventable diseases that cause neurological complications to understanding rare adverse neurological events. Topics include neuroprotection of vaccination, neuroimmunology of vaccination, long-term cognitive effects, vaccine safety monitoring, and emerging therapeutic applications. This comprehensive examination aims to advance our understanding of how vaccines influence neurological health across the lifespan, informing evidence-based clinical practice and public health policy while addressing ongoing scientific questions in vaccine neurobiology. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. James B. Daunais
Prof. Dr. John Walton Sanders
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vaccines
  • neuroimaging
  • biomarkers
  • neuroinflammation
  • neurodegeneration
  • neuroprotection

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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7 pages, 1121 KB  
Case Report
A Case Report of a Novel Alpha-Synuclein Vaccine (TRB-001) in a Parkinson’s Patient: Safe Administration and Induction of a High-Titer, High-Avidity Functional Antibody Response
by Dieter Volc, Caroline Thun-Hohenstein, Sabine Schmidhuber, Markus Mandler and Achim Schneeberger
Vaccines 2026, 14(6), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14060466 (registering DOI) - 23 May 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. The goal is to develop an active immunotherapy targeting aggregated alpha synuclein (aSyn), the root cause of PD. TRB-001 is the lead candidate of a novel class of vaccines. It is [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. The goal is to develop an active immunotherapy targeting aggregated alpha synuclein (aSyn), the root cause of PD. TRB-001 is the lead candidate of a novel class of vaccines. It is a peptide/protein conjugate coupled to sugar residues, which is used to target and activate antigen-presenting cells, and addresses aSyn. Methods: A 33-year-old male, diagnosed with PD seven years previously, with a Hoehn & Yahr stage of 1, taking Levodopa/Benserazide (100/25 mg, 6× per day), Rotigotine (8 mg) and Rasagiline (1 mg), amounting to a Levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) of 940 mg, also complicated by impulse control disorder, requested experimental therapy. He received a total of four TRB-001 administrations (weeks 0, 4, 8 and 34) following informed consent. The workup included safety, immunological and clinical parameters. Results: Vaccinations were well tolerated. They induced a high-titer aSyn-specific antibody (Ab) response. Titer increase was associated with a reduction in aSyn plasma levels, suggesting target engagement. The Ab titer and the reduction in aSyn plasma levels were both long-lived. The boost elicited a recall-type Ab titer increase and triggered avidity maturation (factor 7.8). Abs demonstrated a high degree of selectivity for aggregated aSyn (factor 30). Moreover, they were found to preferentially react with tissue from PD brain lysates. The Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) score for the patient remained essentially stable throughout the observation period of 53 weeks. At the time of the boost, the symptomatic PD therapy was simplified to Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone 100/25/200 mg four times a day, amounting to an LEDD of 532 mg. This put an end to the symptoms of the impulse control disorder. Conclusions: Results obtained suggest that this new class of vaccines may yield Ab responses comparable in magnitude and target avidity to the therapeutic setting of monoclonal Abs. TRB-001 is currently being translated to a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 1B study. Full article
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