Antibodies for Innovative Studies of Bacterial Toxins

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Toxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1196

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
Interests: E. coli pathogenicity; antibodies, diagnosis, emerging and reemerging diseases

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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
Interests: hemolytic uremic syndrome; Shiga toxin; diagnosis; prevention; treatments; in vivo and in vitro models

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In microbiology, the term “toxin” refers to any substance of microbial origin capable of disrupting host–cell metabolism, often with harmful consequences for the affected organism. Since the isolation of the diphtheria toxin at the end of the 19th century, bacterial toxins have been recognized as key virulence factors responsible for causing diseases. The primary symptoms associated with diseases such as diphtheria (caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae), whooping cough (caused by Bordetella pertussis), cholera (caused by Vibrio cholerae), botulism (caused by Clostridium botulinum), tetanus (caused by Clostridium tetani), and bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli), among others, are linked to the activity of bacterial toxins. Antibodies are crucial and ubiquitous molecules in the immune system. Due to their high specificity and ability to recognize and bind to antigens, they play a pivotal role in mediating interactions with other immune system components. This unique specificity makes antibodies highly attractive for various applications, including studying in vitro and in vivo toxin pathways, detecting and diagnosing bacterial toxins, and developing therapeutic interventions. The main aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the role of antibodies in neutralizing bacterial toxins, contextualizing the intoxication process, and exploring how antibodies can be leveraged as therapeutic tools. Additionally, it will cover the use of antibodies in understanding toxin pathways and their application in diagnosing diseases caused by toxin-producing bacteria.

Dr. Roxane Maria Fontes Piazza
Dr. María M. Amaral
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bacterial toxins
  • mechanism of action
  • antibodies
  • neutralization
  • detection
  • diagnosis
  • in vivo and in vitro models

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 3496 KiB  
Review
INM004: Polyclonal Neutralizing Antibodies Against Shiga Toxin as a Treatment for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
by Marta Rivas, Mariana Pichel, Vanesa Zylberman, Mariana Colonna, Marina Valerio, Carolina Massa, Romina Pardo, Andrés E. Ciocchini, Santiago Sanguineti, Ian Roubicek, Linus Spatz and Fernando Alberto Goldbaum
Toxins 2025, 17(6), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17060282 - 5 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli-associated HUS (STEC-HUS) is one of the leading causes of AKI in children. Approximately 1.5 to 3% of children [...] Read more.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli-associated HUS (STEC-HUS) is one of the leading causes of AKI in children. Approximately 1.5 to 3% of children die during the acute phase, and about 30% experience long-term renal sequelae. Argentina has the highest incidence of STEC-HUS globally. Given the prominent role of Stx in its pathophysiology, STEC-HUS is considered more of a toxemia than a bacterial disease. Stx transport occurs before and after the STEC-HUS onset, allowing for the distinction between an early toxemia phase and an advanced toxemia phase. In this review, we present our efforts to develop INM004, an anti-Stx treatment aimed at ameliorating or preventing the clinical consequences of STEC-HUS. We describe the protein engineering that facilitated this development and the clinical path to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of INM004. This immunotherapy could represent a new step in the treatment of STEC-HUS, which could potentially prevent long-term damage. If phase 3 trials are successful, earlier and broader use of INM004 is envisioned. We also discuss the potential impact of INM004 therapy, targeted vaccination strategies, and new diagnostic tools for this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibodies for Innovative Studies of Bacterial Toxins)
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