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Toxins
Special Issues
Molecular Targets of Bacterial Toxins: From Infection to Chronic Diseases
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Molecular Targets of Bacterial Toxins: From Infection to Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Toxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 6524

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gladys Mirey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INRAE, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Bacterial toxins may target host cell molecules in order to infect but also persist chronically. These particular virulence factors are getting more and more attention. Indeed, their discovery has given new perspectives to the field of cellular microbiology and started to clarify their implication in different chronic diseases. Understanding their effects after cellular intoxication, in term of inflammation or acquisition of carcinogenic traits for example, is therefore crucial and need to be pursued.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the knowledge regarding several aspects of the bacterial toxins’ biology, such as molecular mechanisms, cellular effects and progression of diseases. We anticipate that the papers presented in this Issue will be of valuable support for the scientific community, in diverse contexts as microbiology, cell biology, physiopathology, etc.

Dr. Gladys Mirey
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Bacterial toxins
  • host cell interaction
  • molecular target
  • molecular and cellular mechanisms
  • chronic infection
  • inflammation
  • cancer
  • diseases

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2434 KiB  
Article
Immune Suppression Induced by Gallibacterium anatis GtxA During Interaction with Chicken Macrophage-Like HD11 Cells
by Bo Tang and Anders M. Bojesen
Toxins 2020, 12(9), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090536 - 20 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2553
Abstract
The RTX toxin GtxA expressed by Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica has been proposed a major virulence factor during disease manifestations in the natural host, the chicken. To better understand the role of GtxA in the pathogenesis of G. anatis, we compared the GtxA [...] Read more.
The RTX toxin GtxA expressed by Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica has been proposed a major virulence factor during disease manifestations in the natural host, the chicken. To better understand the role of GtxA in the pathogenesis of G. anatis, we compared the GtxA expressing wildtype strain with its isogenic ∆gtxA mutant that was unable to express GtxA during exposure to chicken macrophage-like HD11 cells. From adhesion and invasion assays, we showed that GtxA appears to promote adhesion and invasion of HD11 cells. By using quantitative RT-PCR, we also demonstrated that the G. anatis expressing GtxA induced a mainly anti-inflammatory (IL-10) host cell response as opposed to the pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) response induced by the GtxA deletion mutant. Interestingly, these results, at least partly, resemble recent responses observed from spleen tissue of chickens infected with the same two bacterial strains. The effect of the GtxA toxin on the type of cell death was less clear. While GtxA clearly induced cell death, our efforts to characterize whether this was due to primarily necrosis or apoptosis through expression analysis of a broad range of apoptosis genes did not reveal clear answers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Targets of Bacterial Toxins: From Infection to Chronic Diseases)
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19 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
Functional Study of Haemophilus ducreyi Cytolethal Distending Toxin Subunit B
by Benoît J. Pons, Nicolas Loiseau, Saleha Hashim, Soraya Tadrist, Gladys Mirey and Julien Vignard
Toxins 2020, 12(9), 530; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12090530 - 19 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3170
Abstract
The Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is produced by many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria responsible for major foodborne diseases worldwide. CDT induces DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in host-cells, eventually leading to senescence or apoptosis. According to structural and sequence comparison, the catalytic subunit [...] Read more.
The Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is produced by many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria responsible for major foodborne diseases worldwide. CDT induces DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in host-cells, eventually leading to senescence or apoptosis. According to structural and sequence comparison, the catalytic subunit CdtB is suggested to possess both nuclease and phosphatase activities, carried by a single catalytic site. However, the impact of each activity on cell-host toxicity is yet to be characterized. Here, we analyze the consequences of cell exposure to different CDT mutated on key CdtB residues, focusing on cell viability, cell cycle defects, and DNA damage induction. A first class of mutant, devoid of any activity, targets putative catalytic (H160A), metal binding (D273R), and DNA binding residues (R117A-R144A-N201A). The second class of mutants (A163R, F156-T158, and the newly identified G114T), which gathers mutations on residues potentially involved in lipid substrate binding, has only partially lost its toxic effects. However, their defects are alleviated when CdtB is artificially introduced inside cells, except for the F156-T158 double mutant that is defective in nuclear addressing. Therefore, our data reveal that CDT toxicity is mainly correlated to CdtB nuclease activity, whereas phosphatase activity may probably be involved in CdtB intracellular trafficking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Targets of Bacterial Toxins: From Infection to Chronic Diseases)
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