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Toxins
Special Issues
Aflatoxins: Contamination, Analysis and Control
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Aflatoxins: Contamination, Analysis and Control

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 1353

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jean-Denis Bailly

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Interests: impact of climate changes on fungal biodiversity; fungi and indoors; modulation of mycotoxin synthesis by natural compoundsimpact of climate changes on fungal biodiversity; modulation of mycotoxin synthesis by natural compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aflatoxins are considered as being critically important mycotoxins from a public health point of view, particularly due to their carcinogenic properties in humans. These toxins are frequent contaminants of diverse crops in regions that are favorable regarding the development of aflatoxigenic species; however, they are also considered emerging threats in areas that have been considered safe until now, being directly linked to global climate changes. Their spreading and increasing importance justifies the need to

  • Generate data on contamination in order to better evaluate the risks for both human and animals;
  • Develop new analytical methods capable of overcoming existing constraints, such as time, sample denaturation, and heterogeneity of a contamination by being usable online;
  • Define alternative strategies able to limit food contamination and/or deleterious effects of these toxins.

The aim of this Special Issue will be to investigate the aforementioned three objectives in our fight against these harmful food contaminants and provide new insights into food safety and public health.

Prof. Dr. Jean-Denis Bailly
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mitigation
  • detection
  • food contamination
  • detoxification
  • analytical methods
  • biocontrol

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4010 KiB  
Article
Deep Learning-Based Detection of Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Almonds Using Hyperspectral Imaging: A Focus on Optimized 3D Inception–ResNet Model
by Md. Ahasan Kabir, Ivan Lee and Sang-Heon Lee
Toxins 2025, 17(4), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17040156 - 22 Mar 2025
Viewed by 450
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1, a toxic carcinogen frequently contaminating almonds, nuts, and food products, poses significant health risks. Therefore, a rapid and non-destructive detection method is crucial to detect aflatoxin B1-contaminated almonds to ensure food safety. This study introduces a novel deep learning approach utilizing [...] Read more.
Aflatoxin B1, a toxic carcinogen frequently contaminating almonds, nuts, and food products, poses significant health risks. Therefore, a rapid and non-destructive detection method is crucial to detect aflatoxin B1-contaminated almonds to ensure food safety. This study introduces a novel deep learning approach utilizing 3D Inception–ResNet architecture with fine-tuning to classify aflatoxin B1-contaminated almonds using hyperspectral images. The proposed model achieved higher classification accuracy than traditional methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), and decision tree (DT), for classifying aflatoxin B1 contaminated almonds. A feature selection algorithm was employed to enhance processing efficiency and reduce spectral dimensionality while maintaining high classification accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 3D Inception–ResNet (Lightweight) model achieves superior classification performance with a 90.81% validation accuracy, an F1-score of 0.899, and an area under the curve value of 0.964, outperforming traditional machine learning approaches. The Lightweight 3D Inception–ResNet model, with 381 layers, offers a computationally efficient alternative suitable for real-time industrial applications. These research findings highlight the potential of hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning for aflatoxin B1 detection in almonds with higher accuracy. This approach supports the development of real-time automated screening systems for food safety, reducing contamination-related risks in almonds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aflatoxins: Contamination, Analysis and Control)
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14 pages, 692 KiB  
Article
First Report of Safe Italian Peanut Production Regarding Aflatoxin
by Matteo Crosta, Michele Croci, Chiara Dall’Asta, Michele Pisante and Paola Battilani
Toxins 2025, 17(2), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17020090 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 607
Abstract
The growing interest in peanut production in Italy represents a significant opportunity from both an agronomic and economic standpoint. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination is a major concern with imported peanuts; developing an Italian peanut supply chain can ensure a well-managed local product, [...] Read more.
The growing interest in peanut production in Italy represents a significant opportunity from both an agronomic and economic standpoint. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination is a major concern with imported peanuts; developing an Italian peanut supply chain can ensure a well-managed local product, with special care for food safety. This study aimed to provide a first overview of Italian peanut production, focusing on the Aspergillus section Flavi and AFB1 occurrence in the raw product. During 2022 and 2023, 18 peanut fields were sampled at complete maturity across the Italian production areas, considering three varieties: Lotos, SIS-AR_01, and IPG914. The results showed the occurrence of Aspergillus sec. Flavi in peanut pods, even though AFB1 was always absent or in traces, well below the European legal limits. These findings confirmed the quality of Italian peanut production, even though further research is requested to confirm the positive results of this first report. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aflatoxins: Contamination, Analysis and Control)
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