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Charge–parity–time (CPT) violations and the study of particle and astroparticle physics constitutes one of the challenges of modern physics. Among all the fundamental symmetries, CPT in fact holds a special status as being the only symmetry which is known to hold for every fundamental interaction: breaking of P, CP, and T has in fact been directly measured, and all found to be in consistent agreement with CPT conservation. While a great variety of CPT tests is being performed in terrestrial laboratories, in testing masses, lifetimes, and other properties of particles, the recent role of the astroparticles and multimessenger physics can hardly be overestimated. Cosmic rays, gamma particles, gravitational waves, and neutrinos can be detected from astronomical sources to provide decisive hints about particle–antiparticle symmetry—one of the cornerstones of the CPT theorem. In addition, studies of the early Universe based on CMB radiation and other sources can provide information on one of the most puzzling mysteries of our Universe: the asymmetry between matter and antimatter, which is directly linked to the study of CPT.

Prof. Dr. Marco Giammarchi
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Particle–Antiparticle Asymmetry in Relativistic Deformed Kinematics

José Manuel Carmona

José Luis Cortés

and

José Javier Relancio

Symmetry 2021, 13(7), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071266 - 15 Jul 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 477

Abstract

Relativistic deformed kinematics are usually considered a way to capture the residual effects of a fundamental quantum gravity theory. These kinematics present a non-commutative addition law for the momenta so that the total momentum of a multi-particle system depends on the specific ordering in which the momenta are composed. We explore in the present work how this property may be used to generate an asymmetry between particles and antiparticles through a particular ordering prescription, resulting in a violation of

C P T

symmetry. We study its consequences for muon decay, obtaining a difference in the lifetimes of the particle and the antiparticle as a function of the new high-energy scale, parameterizing such relativistic deformed kinematics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry, CPT and Astroparticles)

Open AccessArticle

An Interferometric Method for Particle Mass Measurements

and

Symmetry 2021, 13(7), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071232 - 08 Jul 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 740

Abstract

We present an interferometric method suitable to measure particle masses and, where applicable to the particle and its corresponding antiparticle, their mass ratio in order to detect possible symmetry violations between matter and antimatter. The method is based on interferometric techniques tunable to the specific mass range of the particle under consideration. The case study of electron and positron is presented, following the recent observation of positron interferometry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry, CPT and Astroparticles)

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Open AccessArticle

Phenomenological Effects of CPT and Lorentz Invariance Violation in Particle and Astroparticle Physics

Vito Antonelli

Lino Miramonti

and

Marco Danilo Claudio Torri

Symmetry 2020, 12(11), 1821; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12111821 - 03 Nov 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 735

Abstract

It is well known that a fundamental theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) set in flat spacetime ensures the

C P T

invariance of the theory. This symmetry is strictly connected to the Lorentz covariance, and consequently to the fundamental structure of spacetime. [...] Read more.

It is well known that a fundamental theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) set in flat spacetime ensures the

C P T

invariance of the theory. This symmetry is strictly connected to the Lorentz covariance, and consequently to the fundamental structure of spacetime. Therefore it may be interesting to investigate the possibility of departure from this fundamental symmetry, since it can furnish a window to observe possible effects of a more fundamental quantum gravity theory in a “lower energy limit”. Moreover, in the past, the inquiry of symmetry violations provided a starting point for new physics discoveries. A useful physical framework for this kind of search is provided by astroparticle physics, thanks to the high energy involved and to the long path travelled by particles accelerated by an astrophysical object and then revealed on Earth. Astrophysical messengers are therefore very important probes for investigating this sector, involving high energy photons, charged particles, and neutrinos of cosmic origin. In addition, one can also study artificial neutrino beams, investigated at accelerator experiments. Here we discuss the state of art for all these topics and some interesting new proposals, both from a theoretical and phenomenological point of view. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry, CPT and Astroparticles)

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