Symmetry Application in Metals and Alloys

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1297

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: brazing; diffusion bonding; ceramic; interface; microstructure

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: additive manufacturing; powder metallurgy; titanium alloy; microstructure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to share your original results in our Special Issue, “Symmetry Application in Metals and Alloys”. The development of aviation, aerospace, medical, electronics, and other fields continually place demands on high-performance metals and alloys. Improvements in the performance of a material requires the design and regulation of its microstructure, which is intrinsically related to the spatial arrangement of the primary units including atoms and phases. Symmetry plays a crucial role in metals and alloys, manifesting both macroscopically (e.g., structures, morphologies, processing routes) and microscopically (e.g., defects, stresses, crystal lattices). By using symmetry, metals and alloys with promising properties can be achieved. For instance, metals and alloys with symmetrical bionic structures exhibit excellent mechanical properties. Nano twins with symmetrical atomic arrangements affect the deformation mechanism of metals and alloys. Therefore, it is vital to understand, summarize, and apply methods involving symmetry in the design of novel metals and alloys.

This Special Issue focuses on symmetry in metals and alloys and aims to disclose the effect of symmetry or asymmetry on performance. Another main objective is to enhance the properties of metals or alloys through the utilization of symmetry. We also encourage interdisciplinary studies to reveal the role of symmetry from multiple perspectives.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Metallurgy of metals and alloys;
  • Metal matrix composite;
  • Structural design;
  • Bionic metallic materials;
  • Casting, forging, and joining;
  • Additive manufacturing;
  • Surface treatment;
  • Computational results (with experimental validation).

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Bo Zhang
Dr. Yimin Zhuo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symmetric and asymmetric characteristics
  • metals and alloys
  • metal matrix composites
  • cermets
  • joining
  • casting
  • forging
  • additive manufacturing
  • powder metallurgy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 13350 KiB  
Article
Study on Characterization and Overlapping Strategy of Asymmetric Cross-Section of Spatial Curved GMA Deposition Bead
by Xinlei Li, Han Yan, Yongzhe Li, Guanxin Chi and Guangjun Zhang
Symmetry 2025, 17(6), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17060856 - 31 May 2025
Viewed by 424
Abstract
Compared with planar layering, the morphology of spatial GMA deposition beads formed by curved layering is influenced by gravity, resulting in asymmetric and complex cross-sections. To quantitatively describe the bead orientation and cross-sectional shape, this study introduces the path inclination angle and path [...] Read more.
Compared with planar layering, the morphology of spatial GMA deposition beads formed by curved layering is influenced by gravity, resulting in asymmetric and complex cross-sections. To quantitatively describe the bead orientation and cross-sectional shape, this study introduces the path inclination angle and path direction angle, along with five characteristic parameters—height, width, eccentricity, upper plumpness, and lower plumpness—using piecewise polynomial fitting for profile modeling. A full-factorial experiment was conducted to establish the relationship between deposition speed, bead spatial orientation, and cross-sectional features. The obtained fitting equation had a mean relative error of less than 2.5%, and an overlapping strategy was proposed to achieve flat, curved GMA layers. The proposed bead characterization method, parameter planning model, and overlap strategy were validated through deposition experiments on cylindrical surfaces without a positioner, providing a foundation for high-precision curved GMA additive manufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Application in Metals and Alloys)
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21 pages, 20352 KiB  
Article
Handheld 3D Scanning-Based Robotic Trajectory Planning for Multi-Layer Multi-Pass Welding of a Large Intersecting Line Workpiece with Asymmetric Profiles
by Xinlei Li, Shida Yao, Jiawei Ma, Guanxin Chi and Guangjun Zhang
Symmetry 2025, 17(5), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17050738 - 11 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 609
Abstract
Traditional offline programming has limitations for large parts with significant machining or assembly deviations. This study proposes a 3D scanning-assisted method that generates accurate STereoLithography (STL) models and enables multi-layer multi-bead welding trajectory planning for large intersecting line workpieces. The proposed framework implements [...] Read more.
Traditional offline programming has limitations for large parts with significant machining or assembly deviations. This study proposes a 3D scanning-assisted method that generates accurate STereoLithography (STL) models and enables multi-layer multi-bead welding trajectory planning for large intersecting line workpieces. The proposed framework implements a robust STL model processing pipeline incorporating Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC)-based cylindrical approximation, cross-sectional slicing, and automated feature detection to achieve high-precision groove feature recognition. For asymmetric variable-section grooves, a multi-layer and multi-pass path-planning algorithm based on template affine projection transformation is developed to ensure accurate deposition of welds along complex geometric contours. Experimental validation demonstrates sub-millimeter trajectory accuracy (positional errors < 1.0 mm), meeting stringent arc welding specifications and substantially expanding the applicability of offline programming systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry Application in Metals and Alloys)
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