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Environmental Sustainability and Design Strategies of Future Smart Energy Systems

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1449

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: smart energy system modelling; national energy planning; sector coupling technologies; green hydrogen production and applications; energy economics; renewable energy communities

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Guest Editor
Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: building energy demand management and forecasting; renewable energy; life cycle assessment; thermophysical properties of materials and technologies for energy efficiency; nanomaterials; heat transfer; HVAC systems; energy audit; building energy simulation; CFD

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: renewable energy; hydrogen; energy engineering; energy management; hydrogen blending; hydrogen valleys; internal combustion engines; environmental performance; energy economics; biomass; smart energy systems; energy planning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human-induced climate change is already causing adverse impacts and damage to both nature and people, and the energy transition towards 100% renewable systems is a priority for the coming decades. The environmental, economic and social implications of this transformation should be taken into account in the design of future energy systems.

The need to overcome the single-sector approach towards a holistic and integrated one is widely demonstrated in the literature. This concept, known as the smart energy systems approach, requires the development of sector coupling technologies and innovative planning and modelling strategies for the integration of various aspects, including non-energy issues. In detail, environmental sustainability, e.g., through the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methods, is a key aspect that is too little analysed in the design of renewable energy systems.

This Special Issue aims to collect up-to-date contributions that focus on smart energy systems and explore the implications of environmental and economic sustainability in the design of future renewable energy systems at different scales.

In this framework, original research articles and reviews are welcome. The studies can be theoretical as well as displaying the results of simulations, new calculation methods and monitoring or experimental campaigns. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Smart energy system modelling and planning at different scales;
  • Applications of life cycle assessment (LCA) methods to energy and production systems;
  • Policies and strategies for energy system decarbonization and climate change mitigation;
  • The design and control of hybrid and integrated renewable energy systems in buildings;
  • Models for building and energy management;
  • Innovative retrofit solutions for existing buildings;
  • Indoor and outdoor environmental quality investigation;
  • Energy storage systems and sector coupling strategies;
  • Hydrogen and alternative fuel applications in future energy systems;
  • Decarbonization strategies in industry and transport.

Dr. Lorenzo Mario Pastore
Dr. Costanza Vittoria Fiorini
Prof. Dr. Livio De Santoli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart energy systems
  • life cycle assessment
  • energy planning
  • renewable energy communities
  • positive energy districts
  • system flexibility
  • hydrogen
  • hard-to-abate sectors
  • energy storage
  • sustainable buildings

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3234 KiB  
Article
Moving Towards Fourth-Generation District Heating as a Power-to-Heat Strategy: Techno-Economic Issues
by Axel Riccardo Massulli, Fosca Carolina Rosa and Gianluigi Lo Basso
Sustainability 2025, 17(8), 3675; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083675 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 363
Abstract
About 50% of Italian households’ overall energy consumption is satisfied by natural gas, mainly for space heating, leading to substantial CO2 emissions. In Italy’s mild climate, fourth-generation district heating (4GDH) networks coupled with renewable energy sources (RESs) could represent a viable option [...] Read more.
About 50% of Italian households’ overall energy consumption is satisfied by natural gas, mainly for space heating, leading to substantial CO2 emissions. In Italy’s mild climate, fourth-generation district heating (4GDH) networks coupled with renewable energy sources (RESs) could represent a viable option for reaching the ambitious space heating decarbonization objectives set by the EU. In this paper, such a decarbonization pathway, consisting in a centralized heat pump (HP)-powered 4GDH network, with and without the addition of a distributed PV plant, is assessed and compared with the individual natural gas boilers-based Italian reference scenario. A cluster of buildings, comprising 200 dwellings, representative of common households in Rome, has been chosen as the case study. Starting from the cluster’s hourly space heating demand, a semi-dynamic MATLAB/Simulink model has been developed to size the technological components and evaluate their performance with respect to outdoor environmental conditions. The scenario comparison is carried out by means of techno-economic and environmental indicators: the levelized cost of heat (LCOHE), CO2 emissions, and carbon avoidance cost (CAC). Moreover, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out to address the uncertainty regarding the main economic parameters, namely the electricity and natural gas price and the HP and DH investment cost. The results show that 4GDH-based layouts significantly reduce CO2 emissions, at the expense of the LCOHE. The sensitivity analysis highlights how a significant reduction in both the electricity price and the DH network capital cost are required for achieving price parity with the fossil-fuel based scenario. Full article
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27 pages, 3630 KiB  
Article
Integrated Smart City Solutions: A Multi-Axis Approach for Sustainable Development in Varanasi
by Flavia Vespasiano, Tejas Gujrati, Behnam Abbasi and Fabio Bisegna
Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3152; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073152 - 2 Apr 2025
Viewed by 518
Abstract
In this era of perpetual advancement and innovation, the term “smart” is frequently misused. Linking smartness to a city should reflect and solve multiple problems with a single solution. A city, district, or area can only be smart when it contemplates different development [...] Read more.
In this era of perpetual advancement and innovation, the term “smart” is frequently misused. Linking smartness to a city should reflect and solve multiple problems with a single solution. A city, district, or area can only be smart when it contemplates different development axes rather than having just a single strength. This work is an effort to make an area of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India, smart by concentrating the actions on five principal axes—Environment, Energy, Mobility, Community, and Economy. Practical indicators have been selected and well formalised to obtain an output value that can support the methodology to rank each action in its executable manner. Software like ENVI-met (to simulate greening and pollution) and PVSyst (to simulate rooftop solar PV) have been used to simulate the actions proposed, and a detailed discussion for each result has been presented. The methodology involves the creation of a model based on morphological, structural, and environmental data, as well as using SWOT analysis and community feedback to identify key areas for intervention. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed interventions, with notable reductions in CO2 emissions, improved air quality, and significant energy savings through the implementation of Nature-Based Solutions, solar PV systems, and electric mobility. Full article
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