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Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Environment, Economy, Society and Policy—Series II

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Social Ecology and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 15719

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of International Affairs, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
Interests: food systems; food security; water security; agriculture; climate change; Middle East; North Africa
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari), 70010 Valenzano, Italy
Interests: sustainability; sustainable agriculture; sustainable food systems; sustainable diets; food losses and waste; food security; food policy.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Food, Nutrition & Facilities, FH Münster—University of Applied Sciences, 48149 Münster, Germany
Interests: systems thinking applied to sustainable food systems; organic food systems; out of home food systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuing issue of a former Special Issue, “Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Environment, Economy, Society and Policy”.

Food systems encompass all the elements (environment, people, inputs, infrastructures, institutions, etc.) and activities that relate to the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food, as well as the outputs of these activities. A food system is sustainable when its socioeconomic and environmental outcomes do not compromise the economic, social, and environmental bases for future generations. Over the last few decades, food systems have been central in the debate on sustainable development, such as in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Indeed, food systems are under an unprecedented confluence of pressures and lie at the center of a global nexus of environmental, social, and economic problems, as humanity faces the challenge of achieving sustainable food security in the face of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, resource scarcity, human population growth, and climate change. On the one hand, food systems are among the main contributors to sustainability challenges such as land degradation, climate change, biodiversity loss, etc. On the other hand, they are dramatically affected by these challenges facing humanity. Moreover, the dysfunction of modern food systems is a major cause of several societal issues such as food insecurity and malnutrition, rural poverty and livelihood vulnerability, and social inequality. These challenges have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has highlighted the unsustainability and vulnerability of modern food systems and caused an impending global food emergency (e.g., increase in food losses and waste, food export restrictions, panic buying and stock-outs, surge in food insecurity, and deterioration of nutritional and health status). This has all culminated in different calls for the transformation of food systems and their transition toward sustainability at different levels (global, regional, national, and local). While some initiatives focus on single stages of the food chain (e.g., sustainable agriculture, sustainable diets), others are more systemic and holistic (e.g., short food supply chains, alternative food networks, and reduction in food losses and waste). The diversity of the proposed transition strategies and approaches stems, among other things, from differences in the definition, conceptualization, and assessment of sustainability in agri-food systems. What is clear is that transition toward sustainable food systems also implies transforming food policy and governance.

This Special Issue addresses but is not limited to the following topics:

  • Conceptualization, design, and operationalization of sustainable food systems at different levels (global, regional, national, city-region, and local);
  • Methods, approaches, and models for the assessment of agri-food sustainability in food systems (production/agriculture, processing, distribution, consumption, waste management);
  • Sustainability transitions in agri-food systems (theories, frameworks, models, good practices, and promising initiatives);
  • New generation of food policies (integrated and multisectoral) and governance models (inclusive, multi-stakeholder, and reflexive) for sustainable food systems;
  • Food systems in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);
  • Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functioning, performance, and resilience of agri-food systems.

Dr. Tarek Ben Hassen
Dr. Hamid El Bilali
Prof. Dr. Carola Strassner
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainability
  • sustainability transitions
  • sustainable consumption and production
  • sustainable food systems
  • sustainable agriculture
  • sustainable diets
  • sustainable processing
  • food waste
  • sustainability assessment
  • food policy
  • food governance
  • food security
  • food system resilience
  • climate change
  • COVID-19
  • SDGs

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1094 KiB  
Article
Exploring Extension Implications for Slow Food Development in Iran: A Comprehensive Analysis
by Hassan Nazifi, Mohammad Sadegh Sabouri, Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari, Mehrdad Niknami and Elham Danaei
Sustainability 2023, 15(23), 16538; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316538 - 04 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1094
Abstract
This research aimed to ascertain the prerequisites for the advancement of the slow food movement in Iran. Employing both quantitative and qualitative methods, it adopted a descriptive and survey-oriented design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts well-versed in the extension of slow [...] Read more.
This research aimed to ascertain the prerequisites for the advancement of the slow food movement in Iran. Employing both quantitative and qualitative methods, it adopted a descriptive and survey-oriented design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 experts well-versed in the extension of slow food, employing a snowball sampling technique. The interview data underwent coding and analysis employing open coding, axial coding, and selective coding methods. The study encompassed experts and managers in agricultural extension and education across the nation. For statistical analysis, a structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis were employed, utilizing SMART PLS 3 and SPSS 26 software. The goodness-of-fit index (GoF) was utilized to evaluate the comprehensive validity of the research model. From a qualitative perspective, six primary facets of the slow food model emerged: 1. Extension strategies in harmony with slow food principles; 2. Methods of extending the slow food movement; 3. Supportive policies for slow food propagation; 4. Intervening conditions; 5. Causal conditions (triggers and applications) of the slow food paradigm; and 6. Outcomes resulting from the adoption of the slow food ethos. These facets collectively comprised a total of 38 sub-components. Through analysis of the structural equation model, key facets with substantial operational weight and significant influence on the promotion of slow food were identified. These prominent components encompass disease prevention, the organization of festivals and exhibitions, the revision of laws, the shaping of individuals’ lifestyles, the enhancement of food tourism capacity, and the optimization of human resources. Full article
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29 pages, 11434 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Responses of Vegetation to Hydroclimatic Factors over Arid and Semi-arid Climate
by Brijesh Yadav, Lal Chand Malav, Shruti V. Singh, Sushil Kumar Kharia, Md. Yeasin, Ram Narayan Singh, Mahaveer Nogiya, Roshan Lal Meena, Pravash Chandra Moharana, Nirmal Kumar, Ram Prasad Sharma, Gangalakunta P. Obi Reddy, Banshi Lal Mina and Prakash Kumar Jha
Sustainability 2023, 15(21), 15191; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115191 - 24 Oct 2023
Viewed by 768
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of vegetative greenness and how it interacts with various hydroclimatic factors is crucial for comprehending the implications of global climate change. The present study utilized the MODIS-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to understand the vegetation patterns over 21 years [...] Read more.
Understanding the dynamics of vegetative greenness and how it interacts with various hydroclimatic factors is crucial for comprehending the implications of global climate change. The present study utilized the MODIS-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to understand the vegetation patterns over 21 years (2001–2021) in Rajasthan, India. The rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), and evapotranspiration (ET) were also analyzed. The changes, at a 30 m pixel resolution, were evaluated using Mann–Kendall’s trend test. The results reveal that the NDVI, ET, and rainfall had increasing trends, whereas the LST had a decreasing trend in Rajasthan. The NDVI increased for 96.5% of the total pixels, while it decreased for 3.4% of the pixels, of theh indicates vegetation improvement rather than degradation. The findings of this study provide direct proof of a significant reduction in degraded lands throughout Rajasthan, particularly in the vicinity of the Indira Gandhi Canal command area. Concurrently, there has been a noticeable expansion in the cultivated land area. The trend of vegetation decline, particularly in the metro cities, has occurred as a result of urbanization and industrialization. In contrast to the LST, which has a decreasing gradient from the western to eastern portions, the spatial variability in the NDVI, ET, and rainfall have decreasing gradients from the southern and eastern to western regions. The results of correlations between the vegetative indices and hydroclimatic variables indicate that the NDVI has a strong positive correlation with ET (r2 = 0.86), and a negative correlation with LST (r2 = −0.55). This research provides scientific insights into vegetation change across Rajasthan, and may help the state to monitor vegetation changes, conserve ecosystems, and implement sustainable ecosystem management. Full article
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22 pages, 379 KiB  
Article
When the Sugar Runs Out: Transitioning Agricultural Systems and Their Effect on Dietary Diversity in Yaguajay, Central Cuba
by Victoria Constanza Ramenzoni, Vanessa Vázquez Sánchez, Diana Valdés Massó, Armando Rangel Rivero, Daily Yanetsy Borroto Escuela and Daniel J. Hoffman
Sustainability 2023, 15(17), 13073; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713073 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 922
Abstract
The past years have shown the widespread vulnerability of agro-food systems and rural diets to external perturbations such as wars, climate events, and pandemics. Experiencing numerous obstacles, Cuba constitutes an example of success in the transition to agroecological sustainability models. This article characterizes [...] Read more.
The past years have shown the widespread vulnerability of agro-food systems and rural diets to external perturbations such as wars, climate events, and pandemics. Experiencing numerous obstacles, Cuba constitutes an example of success in the transition to agroecological sustainability models. This article characterizes how processes of agricultural change, local development, and industrial degrowth have impacted food availability and dietary diversity among rural livelihoods in the municipality of Yaguajay, Sancti Spíritus, for the past forty years (1980s–2020s). It integrates findings from focus groups, repeated nutritional surveys, and interviews carried out between 2016 and 2022 among residents of the towns of Yaguajay and La Picadora. The goal is to identify effects and response strategies within agro-food systems of rural populations. Distinguishing between periods of abundance and shortage, our findings show two counterpoints: intensive sugar monocrop cultivation, which resulted in high dietary variety; and economic crises in the 1990s and during the last period of the pandemic, which have led to significant dietary adjustments. The article concludes by underscoring the importance of comprehensive assessments of dietary strategies to elicit what agroecological transitions mean for local realities and of the value of food consumption and small-holder production experiences to understand the limits to sustainable transformations. Full article
16 pages, 841 KiB  
Article
The Determinants of Becoming Sustainable Agropreneurs: Evidence from the Bottom 40 Groups in Malaysia
by Mastura Jaafar, Alireza Jalali, Suhaida Herni Suffarruddin and Nachiamei Ramasamy
Sustainability 2023, 15(10), 8283; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108283 - 19 May 2023
Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Training in the agricultural sector has been set as a continuing government agenda to educate people in rural areas. This study aims to identify several determinants that play a key role in developing sustainable agropreneurs in the Bottom 40 (B40) group in Perak, [...] Read more.
Training in the agricultural sector has been set as a continuing government agenda to educate people in rural areas. This study aims to identify several determinants that play a key role in developing sustainable agropreneurs in the Bottom 40 (B40) group in Perak, Malaysia. To this end, data were collected from 200 participants in the Agropreneur Community Training Program (ACTP). A quantitative research method was used for describing and analysing the collected data. The results showed that an internal factor, which was the agropreneurs’ attitudes towards behaviour, displayed a significant positive relationship with the expansion of the farm. As for the external factors, the results showed that family support and social networking have a significant positive relationship with increased income. Moreover, the results revealed that subjective norms exhibited a significant negative relationship with increasing income. Accordingly, more representative samples are required to verify the results of the postulated relationships between the internal and external factors of becoming a sustainable agropreneur in rural areas. The agricultural sector has become a pressing global concern, with issues such as natural disasters, wars, and climate change. Thus, the results of this study provide several theoretical and practical insights for government agencies, especially in developing countries, to execute more viable training programs for agropreneurs. Full article
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17 pages, 2836 KiB  
Article
Indigenous Peoples’ Psychological Wellbeing Amid Transitions in Shifting Cultivation Landscape: Evidence from the Indian Himalayas
by Dileep Kumar Pandey, Shantanu Kumar Dubey, Ashwani Kumar Verma, Lobsang Wangchu, Sreenath Dixit, Chabungbam Victoria Devi and Gajanan Sawargaonkar
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6791; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086791 - 18 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1400
Abstract
Recent changes in the shifting cultivation landscape (SCL) of the Indian Himalayan region—a global biodiversity hotspot—is of great concern due to their implication to conservation and economic development of the region and their impact on ecosystem services as well as the wellbeing of [...] Read more.
Recent changes in the shifting cultivation landscape (SCL) of the Indian Himalayan region—a global biodiversity hotspot—is of great concern due to their implication to conservation and economic development of the region and their impact on ecosystem services as well as the wellbeing of the region’s inhabitants. The present study investigated the changes in land use in the SCL and their impact on the psychological wellbeing of the indigenous people of the region. Longitudinal data for over 15 years on land-use patterns and cross-sectional data from 481 respondents across 52 villages representing six states in India’s North East that are part of the Indian Himalayas were utilized for the study. To analyze subjective wellbeing, Cantril’s self-anchoring scale was used, followed by focused group discussions to triangulate the self-reported responses. Results reveal that the respondents were aware of the effects of landscape changes on their psychological wellbeing. These changes mostly represented a decline in shifting cultivation (SC), land ownership, food systems, social cohesion, cultural fulfillment, the diversity of cultivated native plants, and the availability of wild edible plants. Although the decline in SCL led to a gain in the area under green cover, it led to a marked decline in the diversity of cultivated and wild edible plants. This, the respondents perceived as adversely impacting their wellbeing. Empirical analysis established positive effect of SC on the psychological wellbeing of the respondents. However, a decline in SC seemed to have had an adverse impact on the perception of their wellbeing and thus increasing the migration. Therefore, optimized and ecosystem-based approaches and frameworks of socio-ecological systems are essential to harmonize the ecosystem services with wellbeing of the people. Full article
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15 pages, 915 KiB  
Article
Valuing in the Agrifood System: The Case of Fresh Grain Legumes in Denmark
by Ane Kirstine Aare, Stine Rosenlund Hansen, Niels Heine Kristensen and Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 2946; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042946 - 06 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1153
Abstract
Transitioning towards more sustainable food products, such as plant proteins, requires a change in practice by several actors in the agrifood system. Change of this kind involves everyday choices about what food to produce, sell, prepare, and eat. Inspired by science and technology [...] Read more.
Transitioning towards more sustainable food products, such as plant proteins, requires a change in practice by several actors in the agrifood system. Change of this kind involves everyday choices about what food to produce, sell, prepare, and eat. Inspired by science and technology studies (STS) thinking, we investigate how such choices are influenced by socio-material practices of valuing. We use the case of fresh grain legumes for human consumption to explore how valuing is simultaneously affected by and shapes the agrifood system. Through interviews with 24 actors in the Danish agrifood system, we identify valuing parameters ranging from taste, nitrogen fixation, durability, and nutrition to price. The study reveals differences regarding what and how actors value depending on the actors’ position in the agrifood system and how the fresh grain legumes travel from field to plate. Where values conflict, we observe how some valuing practices have the power to exclude others and thereby prevent specific enactments of the fresh grain legumes. We argue that looking for valuing practices can help us understand how agrifood systems come into being, and that valuing differently can represent active involvement, both academically and practically, in encouraging change in the agrifood system. By using STS-thinking, the study brings novel insights about barriers towards more plant-based diets and contributes to the diversification of theoretical perspectives on sustainable transitions. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 2044 KiB  
Review
Food Security Challenges in Europe in the Context of the Prolonged Russian–Ukrainian Conflict
by Mohammad Fazle Rabbi, Tarek Ben Hassen, Hamid El Bilali, Dele Raheem and António Raposo
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4745; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064745 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7191
Abstract
The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, two major agricultural powers, has numerous severe socio-economic consequences that are presently being felt worldwide and that are undermining the functioning of the global food system. The war has also had a profound impact on the [...] Read more.
The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, two major agricultural powers, has numerous severe socio-economic consequences that are presently being felt worldwide and that are undermining the functioning of the global food system. The war has also had a profound impact on the European food system. Accordingly, this paper examines the implications of the ongoing conflict on food security pillars (viz. availability, access, use, stability) in European countries and considers potential strategies for addressing and mitigating these effects. The paper highlights that the food supply in Europe does not seem to be jeopardized since most European countries are generally self-sufficient in many products. Nonetheless, the conflict might impact food access and production costs. Indeed, the European agricultural industry is a net importer of several commodities, such as inputs and animal feed. This vulnerability, combined with the high costs of inputs such as fertilizers and energy, creates production difficulties for farmers and threatens to drive up food prices, affecting food affordability and access. Higher input prices increase production costs and, ultimately, inflation. This may affect food security and increase (food) poverty. The paper concludes that increasing food aid, ensuring a stable fertilizer supply, imposing an energy price cap, initiating a farmer support package, switching to renewable energy sources for cultivation, changing individual food behaviors, lifting trade restrictions, and political stability can safeguard food security pillars and strengthen the resilience of the European food system. Full article
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