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Renewable Energy Applications and Energy Sustainability in Coastal Areas

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 19 August 2026 | Viewed by 2725

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 73 Athens, Greece
Interests: thermal and hybrid solar systems; high-temperature heat pumps; cooling and air-conditioning applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a great pleasure to announce a new Special Issue of Sustainability entitled ‘Renewable Energy Applications and Energy Sustainability in Coastal Areas’.

Coastal areas are increasingly at the forefront of global sustainability efforts due to their unique geographical, environmental, and socioeconomic conditions. These regions face significant challenges, including rising energy demands, climate change impacts, and resource scarcity, all of which require innovative solutions to ensure energy sustainability. The adoption of renewable energy technologies offers a critical pathway for mitigating these challenges while fostering economic growth, environmental protection, and resilience.

Coastal areas are rich in renewable energy resources, such as solar, wind, tidal, and wave energy, making them ideal for the deployment of clean energy systems. In particular, solar energy has proven to be one of the most promising solutions for coastal areas sustainability. Photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar thermal technologies can provide clean and affordable electricity, as well as useful energy for domestic hot water (DHW), water desalination, heating, and cooling applications. This is significant for coastal and island communities, where access to potable water and reliable energy infrastructure can be limited. Solar-powered desalination systems address potable water scarcity while minimizing carbon emissions and operational costs.

In addition to solar energy, hybrid renewable energy systems that combine multiple energy sources—such as solar, wind, and tidal energy—are gaining traction in coastal areas. These integrated systems enhance energy reliability by offsetting the intermittency of individual energy sources, ensuring a stable supply of electricity for residential, commercial, and industrial needs. Hybrid systems are particularly beneficial for remote coastal communities and islands, where energy independence and resilience are paramount.

Ensuring energy sustainability in coastal areas goes beyond technology deployment; it also requires the careful consideration of environmental and social impacts. Renewable energy solutions must be designed and implemented with a focus on ecological preservation, stakeholder engagement, and long-term economic benefits. By prioritizing low-carbon energy systems, coastal regions can significantly reduce their environmental footprint, support local economies, and enhance their ability to adapt to climate change.

Renewable energy applications are key to achieving energy sustainability in coastal areas. Through the integration of solar, wind, and other renewable technologies, these regions can harness their natural resources to meet energy demands while promoting environmental stewardship, resilience, and sustainable development, leading to decarbonization.

The present Special Issue (SI) is dedicated to the investigation of renewable energy systems in terms of integration, overall performance, and technological advances with an emphasis on coastal areas applications. This SI will open new gates in the field of renewable energy systems by giving the opportunity to researchers to propose novel methods, theories, and systems considering the environmental impact and the need for long-term sustainability.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Hybrid renewable energy systems (solar + wind + tidal);
  • Hybrid solar photovoltaic/thermal collectors and systems;
  • Solar thermal collectors and systems;
  • Solar photovoltaic collectors and systems;
  • Wind energy systems;
  • Tidal and wave energy systems;
  • Desalination solar thermal collectors applications;
  • Combined energy storage in solar thermal systems.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Dimitrios N. Korres
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy
  • energy sustainability
  • energy transition
  • decarbonization
  • coastal areas
  • hybrid renewable systems
  • solar energy
  • wind energy
  • tidal and wave energy
  • water desalination

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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38 pages, 2385 KB  
Article
Towards Net-Zero Coastal Homes: Techno-Economic Optimization of a Hybrid Heat Pump, PV, and Battery Storage System in a Deeply Retrofitted Building in Poland
by Krzysztof Szczotka
Sustainability 2026, 18(7), 3618; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18073618 - 7 Apr 2026
Viewed by 727
Abstract
The decarbonization of the residential sector is a critical component of the European Green Deal, particularly in transition economies like Poland. This study proposes a comprehensive techno-economic optimization of a deeply retrofitted single-family house aiming for net-zero energy building (NZEB) status. The research [...] Read more.
The decarbonization of the residential sector is a critical component of the European Green Deal, particularly in transition economies like Poland. This study proposes a comprehensive techno-economic optimization of a deeply retrofitted single-family house aiming for net-zero energy building (NZEB) status. The research specifically focuses on the Polish coastal climate zone, characterized by distinct humidity, wind, and temperature profiles compared to inland regions, which significantly influence the efficiency of air-to-water heat pumps (ASHP). Based on a real-world energy audit, the study simulates the synergy between a deep thermal envelope upgrade and a hybrid system comprising an ASHP, photovoltaics (PV), and battery energy storage (BES). This paper presents a detailed economic analysis of such hybrid systems under the new Polish ‘net-billing’ prosumer mechanism. The study evaluates the impact of electricity tariff structures (flat-rate G11 vs. time-of-use G12w) on the investment’s profitability. By calculating key performance indicators—including the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), net present value (NPV), and self-sufficiency ratio (SSR)—the research assesses various system configurations. The initial evaluation indicates that while deep retrofitting significantly reduces heating demand, integrating battery storage plays a critical role in enhancing economic returns under the net-billing framework. The analysis demonstrates that the optimized hybrid system (9.0 kWp PV + 10 kWh BESS) achieves an average annual self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) of 49.8% and reduces the non-renewable primary energy (EP) indicator to 0.0 kWh/(m2·year). Economically, the investment yields a positive NPV of €3194, an IRR of 5.25%, and a LCOE of €0.184/kWh, which is 34% lower than projected grid prices. Furthermore, switching to a time-of-use tariff (G12w) generates an additional 11% (€139) in annual savings. These quantitative findings provide actionable guidelines for policymakers and investors, confirming the financial viability and environmental benefit (annual reduction of 6.12 MgCO2) of NZEB standards in coastal areas. Full article
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22 pages, 3935 KB  
Article
Dynamic Thermal Modeling of Photovoltaic Systems’ Vulnerability Under Future Climate Scenarios: Implications for Central–Eastern Europe
by Iuliana Şoriga, Camelia Stanciu and Patricia Şişu
Sustainability 2026, 18(6), 2732; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18062732 - 11 Mar 2026
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Climate change poses significant threats to the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems through higher operating temperatures, yet most impact assessments rely on steady-state thermal models that neglect the effects of thermal inertia. This study applies a validated transient thermal model based on an [...] Read more.
Climate change poses significant threats to the performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems through higher operating temperatures, yet most impact assessments rely on steady-state thermal models that neglect the effects of thermal inertia. This study applies a validated transient thermal model based on an ordinary differential equation to assess the evolution of PV cell temperature under future climate scenarios for Bucharest, Romania, a site representative for the continental climate prevailing across Central and Eastern Europe, thus providing a validated methodological framework transferable to the broader region. High-resolution meteorological predictions from EURO-CORDEX (0.11° resolution) provide temperature, solar irradiance, and wind speed data for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios across 2030s and 2050s time horizons. The dynamic modeling approach reveals moderate increases in thermal stress on PV systems under both climate scenarios, with increases in mean cell temperature of 0.6 to 1.2 °C. Also, an intensification of the inter-annual variability was observed, with implications for long-term reliability and uncertainty of the systems and their efficiency. The results quantify both thermal resilience and scenario-variable performance degradation and identify the temporal evolution of thermal vulnerability, providing essential guidance for climate-resilient solar energy planning and long-term investment strategies in the region. Full article
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Review

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39 pages, 3121 KB  
Review
Copernicus Data for Offshore Wind Energy: Capabilities, Applications and Emerging Trends
by Poorya Poozesh, Félix Nieto, Antonio J. Álvarez and Vicente Díaz-Casás
Sustainability 2026, 18(4), 1949; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18041949 - 13 Feb 2026
Viewed by 901
Abstract
This paper presents the main parts in the Copernicus Program and how it supports the offshore wind sector through its satellite missions, reanalysis and other marine and climate products and services. Data from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3 and Sentinel-6, together with CMEMS, C3S and [...] Read more.
This paper presents the main parts in the Copernicus Program and how it supports the offshore wind sector through its satellite missions, reanalysis and other marine and climate products and services. Data from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, Sentinel-3 and Sentinel-6, together with CMEMS, C3S and CLMS datasets, provide consistent observations of wind, waves, sea level, currents and coastal conditions that are widely used for site selection, design assessment, operations and environmental monitoring. Additionally, current limitations are highlighted, including reduced accuracy in near-coastal areas, gaps in in situ measurements and the need for greater user expertise. At the same time, emerging technologies like AI-based processing, cloud platforms and Digital Twins are creating new ways to enhance data accessibility and practical use. To date, no comprehensive review has been published addressing the application of Copernicus data in the offshore wind sector, and the available information is dispersed across multiple references. The goal of this review is to identify successful application cases, flag limitations and highlight emerging trends in the Copernicus data usage in the offshore wind energy sector. Overall, the findings show that Copernicus is becoming an increasingly valuable framework for improving the efficiency, reliability and sustainability of offshore wind development. Full article
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