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Mathematical Optimisation for Sustainable Supply Chains: From Network Design to Carbon Reduction

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 14 July 2026 | Viewed by 2257

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Business and Law, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
Interests: supply chain management; supply chain network; sustainability; carbon dioxide emissions; central distribution; deterministic methods; exact method; green supply chain; inventory level
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Supply chains are under increasing pressure to reach net-zero emissions while still being able to operate and generate revenue. This Special Issue focusses on the mathematical and computational foundations of sustainable value chain design using advanced optimisation methods and exact solution techniques. This focus differs from previous approaches, which mostly address technology adoption or broad sustainability frameworks.

This Special Issue uniquely connects operations research and sustainability science by focussing on rigorous quantitative methods like mixed-integer programming, deterministic optimisation, and evolutionary algorithms to solve complex supply chain problems with environmental goals. Digital technologies and the principles of a circular economy are changing business models. Our main goal is to create strong mathematical frameworks that can help professionals make decisions based on data regarding network design, inventory policies, distribution strategies, and carbon reduction efforts.

We are seeking contributions that push the boundaries of what can be accomplished regarding multi-objective optimisation for sustainable supply chains, where financial performance and environmental impact must be balanced. This includes novel applications for metaheuristics, exact methods for routing green vehicles and discovering the best location for a facility, and integrated models that optimise operational costs, carbon emissions, and service levels for both tactical and operational planning horizons.

Our focus is on the technical optimisation architecture that supports sustainable supply chain operations, which sets us apart from other special issues on renewable energy systems, general decision-making frameworks, or corporate sustainability practices. We are seeking strong theoretical contributions that have been tested using computers, real-world case studies that show measurable reductions in emissions, and new ways of dealing with the complexity of large, multi-echelon networks with sustainability constraints.

This Special Issue welcomes original research articles, reviews, and computational case studies. Research areas include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Mathematical optimisation models for carbon-constrained supply chain design;
  • Mixed-integer programming formulations for green logistics and distribution;
  • Multi-objective optimisation balancing cost, emissions, and service quality;
  • Exact and deterministic methods for sustainable network configuration;
  • Advanced metaheuristics (for complex sustainability problems;
  • Integrated inventory-routing models with carbon considerations;
  • Tactical and operational planning under emission constraints;
  • Computational analysis of trade-offs between economic and environmental objectives;
  • Solution algorithms for large-scale sustainable supply chain problems;
  • Benchmarking studies comparing optimisation approaches for green logistics.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Reza Eslamipoor
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable supply chain
  • value chain
  • resource optimisation
  • carbon dioxide reduction
  • green logistics
  • mixed-integer programming
  • multi-objective models
  • optimisation algorithms
  • inventory management
  • sustainable distribution

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3440 KB  
Article
Carbon Emission Reduction Potential in Global Seaborne Metallurgical Coal Trade Through Supply Chain Network Optimisation
by Liwei Qu, Lianghui Li, Bochao An and Zeyan Hu
Sustainability 2026, 18(7), 3496; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18073496 - 2 Apr 2026
Viewed by 517
Abstract
This study addresses the challenge of designing low-carbon supply chain pathways in the global seaborne metallurgical coal sector by developing an enhanced Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithm. This quantitative approach bridges operations research and sustainability science by identifying optimal supply pathways to minimise [...] Read more.
This study addresses the challenge of designing low-carbon supply chain pathways in the global seaborne metallurgical coal sector by developing an enhanced Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithm. This quantitative approach bridges operations research and sustainability science by identifying optimal supply pathways to minimise transportation-related carbon emissions. The enhanced framework incorporates coal-specific maritime logistical constraints and maintains Pareto efficiency across a comprehensive global dataset encompassing 201 mines, 11 exporting nations, and 72 destination ports in 26 importing countries. Computational analysis demonstrates that the proposed algorithm achieves a 25% reduction in transportation carbon intensity (from 38.2 to 28.6 kg CO2eq/t) relative to the 2022 baseline. To evaluate supply chain resilience, scenario analyses incorporating geopolitical disruptions, such as the Russian coal sanctions, provide quantitative insights into the trade-offs between policy interventions and emission reduction objectives. Extending projections to 2050 under various demand trajectories yields cumulative emission reductions of 35–70 Mt CO2eq (an average of 53 Mt), representing additional mitigation beyond the 230 Mt of reductions identified in prior research. These findings demonstrate that mathematical optimisation can deliver near-term environmental benefits without requiring capital-intensive technological breakthroughs, thereby supporting global climate mitigation targets. Full article
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16 pages, 2676 KB  
Article
Harnessing Natural Sunlight for Solar-Driven Photocatalysis in Sustainable Agricultural Runoff Remediation
by Adeola Ajoke Oni, Rukayat Abisola Olawale, Esther O. Oluwabiyi, Oluwafemi Babatunde Olasilola, Amirlahi Ademola Fajingbesi, Funso P. Adeyekun and Reza Eslamipoor
Sustainability 2026, 18(4), 1869; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18041869 - 12 Feb 2026
Viewed by 440
Abstract
This study evaluates the real-world performance of a TiO2 compound parabolic collector (CPC) photocatalytic reactor operated under natural sunlight for the treatment of agricultural runoff. The three objectives are to determine whether photocatalytic performance can be reliably predicted using a spectrally relevant [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the real-world performance of a TiO2 compound parabolic collector (CPC) photocatalytic reactor operated under natural sunlight for the treatment of agricultural runoff. The three objectives are to determine whether photocatalytic performance can be reliably predicted using a spectrally relevant UVA dose, quantify the impact of water-matrix optical attenuation on degradation efficiency, and lastly, to assess whether an adaptive irradiance-gated control strategy can improve operational throughput. Field Analytical Models are conducted by using a 5 L recirculating CPC slurry reactor treating three model agro-pollutants under mid-latitude outdoor conditions. Kinetics followed pseudo-first-order behaviour when analysed against cumulative UVA dose, which reduced inter-day variability in apparent rate constants from more than 30% (time-based analysis) to less than 10%. Natural river water shows a 20–35% reduction in removal efficiency relative to synthetic runoff, which was correlated with lower UV transmittance and higher UV254 absorbance. Catalyst reusability tests indicated only an 18% loss of activity after five cycles, with partial recovery after rinsing. Importantly, the proposed adaptive UVA dose control increased the daily treated volume by 25–35% compared with continuous operation. These results demonstrate that solar photocatalysis can be transformed into a predictable, optimisable treatment process when spectral irradiance, matrix optics, and intelligent operation are considered together. Full article
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