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Intelligent Control, Optimization and Management of Sustainable Battery Energy Storage System

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 22 November 2026 | Viewed by 1195

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
Interests: battery management technology; intelligent control theory and method; optimal control of complex nonlinear systems; power electronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
Interests: electrochemical energy storage system; electric vehicles; battery management system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lithium-ion batteries play a crucial role in modern battery energy storage systems, and their rational utilization is vital for the global energy landscape shifting towards a sustainable development direction. However, due to the extremely complex application environment and the strong non-linearity and time-varying characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, the safety, durability, and reliability of the battery system remain significant challenges in real-world scenarios. In general, these objectives can be achieved by taking measures in the following areas, including, but not limited to, optimized battery charging and heating, accurate state estimation of batteries, real-time fault diagnosis, early warning, and inhibition of battery thermal runaway. Progresses in these areas can not only significantly enhance battery efficiency and service life but also ensure operational safety, thereby accelerating the development of modern energy storage technology and enhancing its sustainability.

To this end, we propose a Special Issue titled "Intelligent Control, Optimization and Management of Sustainable Battery Energy Storage System". This issue aims to bring together researchers and engineers working on related topics, providing a cutting-edge platform to share innovative methods and significant research findings. We cordially invite submissions of original research papers, review articles, and interdisciplinary reports.

Prof. Dr. Bin Duan
Dr. Rui Zhu
Dr. Qi Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • battery energy storage system
  • fault diagnosis
  • battery state estimation
  • advanced machine learning
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

34 pages, 3122 KB  
Article
Comparative Battery State of Charge (SoC) Estimation Using Shallow and Deep Machine Learning Models
by Mohammed Almubarak, Md Ismail Hossain and Md Shafiullah
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010209 - 24 Dec 2025
Viewed by 733
Abstract
This paper evaluates neural-network approaches for lithium-ion battery state-of-charge (SoC) estimation under a unified pipeline, fixed data partitions, and identical preprocessing. We study FNNs trained with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) across three hidden sizes (10, 20, 30) [...] Read more.
This paper evaluates neural-network approaches for lithium-ion battery state-of-charge (SoC) estimation under a unified pipeline, fixed data partitions, and identical preprocessing. We study FNNs trained with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), and Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) across three hidden sizes (10, 20, 30) and three topologies: Fitting, Nonlinear Input–Output (Nonlinear I/O), and time-series NAR/NARX. Models are assessed using test MSE and RMSE, correlation (R), generalization gap, convergence indicators (final gradient, damping factor), wall time per epoch, and a relative compute-cost index. On the Fitting task, BR-Fitting-FNN with 20 neurons provides the best accuracy-efficiency balance, while LM-Fitting-FNN with 30 neurons reaches slightly lower error at a higher cost. For Nonlinear I/O, BR-Nonlinear I/O-FNN with 30 neurons achieves the lowest test MSE with clear evidence of effective weight shrinkage; LM-Nonlinear I/O-FNN with 20 neurons is a close alternative. In time-series settings, LM-NAR-FNN with 10 neurons attains the lowest test error and fastest epochs but shows a very negative gap that suggests test-split favorability; BR-NAR-FNN with 30 neurons is more costly yet consistently strong. For NARX, LM-NARX-FNN with 20 neurons yields the best test accuracy and robust convergence. Overall, BR delivers the most reliable accuracy–robustness trade-off as networks widen, LM often achieves the best raw accuracy with careful split validation, and SCG offers the lowest training cost when resources are limited. These results provide practical guidance for selecting SoC estimators to match accuracy targets, computing budgets, and deployment constraints in battery management systems. Full article
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