Sport-Specific Testing and Training Methods in Youth

A special issue of Sports (ISSN 2075-4663).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 September 2025 | Viewed by 1689

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia No 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
Interests: performance; training; sport; body composition; adapted physical activity

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Interests: sport; physical activity; sport statistics; training monitoring; testing; exercise prescription; rate of perceived exertion; fatigue; sport biomechanics; human balance; proprioception; postural control
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The physiological and psychological needs of a young athlete are different from those of an older athlete who is already established in a specific sport. 

As the age of sports specialization and professional sports appears to be decreasing, more research is needed related to training and testing specific young athletes and specific disciplines. Exercise testing in the cohort of younger athletes is critical for safety, injury prevention, and to ensure long-term health. This awareness can guide coaches and trainers toward effective and balanced training strategies to promote performance, early talent identification, and long-term success. 

This Special Issue aims to provide a snapshot of the management of the young athlete through the adaptability and specificity of training, testing, and early specialization in the sports world. Contributions might illustrate the current testing and training strategies specific to improving young athletes' sports technique and sports conditioning. To progress in the knowledge of such complex issues, contributions by experts in the field in the form of research papers and critical reviews are called for.

Dr. Alessandra Amato
Dr. Andrea Fusco
Prof. Dr. Cristina Cortis
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • young athletes
  • sports specialization
  • training
  • testing
  • performance
  • injury prevention
  • talent identification
  • early specialization

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2259 KiB  
Article
Physiological Correspondence Between Different Indexes of High-Intensity Endurance Exercise in Young Male Runners
by Danilo A. Massini, Renato A. C. Caritá, Tiago A. F. Almeida, Anderson G. Macedo, Víctor Hernández-Beltrán, José M. Gamonales, Mário C. Espada and Dalton M. Pessôa Filho
Sports 2025, 13(6), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13060167 - 29 May 2025
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Abstract
Critical speed (CS), the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and the midpoint between gas exchange threshold and maxial oxygen uptake (VO2max) (i.e., 50%Δ) have been considered indexes able to demarcate the boundary between the heavy and severe exercise domains. However, the agreement [...] Read more.
Critical speed (CS), the respiratory compensation point (RCP), and the midpoint between gas exchange threshold and maxial oxygen uptake (VO2max) (i.e., 50%Δ) have been considered indexes able to demarcate the boundary between the heavy and severe exercise domains. However, the agreement between these indexes—and therefore the validity of using them reciprocally—remains to be reported in running. The current study analyzed the agreement between RCP, 50%Δ, and CS. Twelve young runners performed an incremental test to assess VO2max, RCP, and 50%Δ, with CS estimated by the linear model of time-limited trials at 90, 95, and 110% of the speed corresponding to VO2max. One-way ANOVA showed no differences when comparing VO2 and running speed at CS vs. 50%Δ vs. RCP (47.5 ± 4.4 vs. 46.6 ± 4.4 vs. 47.8 ± 4.5 mLO2∙kg−1∙min−1; and 13.9 ± 1.3 vs. 13.7 ± 1.3 vs. 14.0 ± 1.4 km∙h−1; p > 0.05 for all comparisons). The bias for 50%Δ vs. CS was −0.82 ± 1.55 mLO2∙kg−1∙min−1 and −0.23 ± 0.55 km∙h−1, and for RCP vs. CS, it was 0.36 ± 1.21 mLO2∙kg−1∙min−1 and 0.05 ± 0.46 km∙h−1. Therefore, the agreement between RCP, 50%Δ, and CS in estimating VO2 responses and running speed did not preclude their reciprocal similarity in exercise intensity, although the observed individual variability in physiological variables is a constraint on considering these indexes interchangeable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport-Specific Testing and Training Methods in Youth)
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11 pages, 914 KiB  
Article
Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
by Ibrahim Ouergui, Slaheddine Delleli, Gennaro Apollaro, Hamdi Messaoudi, Rafael Lima Kons, Craig Alan Bridge, Hamdi Chtourou, Emerson Franchini, Emanuela Faelli and Luca Paolo Ardigò
Sports 2025, 13(4), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040103 - 28 Mar 2025
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Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral indexes (BLIs) in power performance, assessed by squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), on sport-specific anaerobic performance. Forty-eight taekwondo athletes (24 males and 24 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.8 ± [...] Read more.
The present study investigated the effect of inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral indexes (BLIs) in power performance, assessed by squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), on sport-specific anaerobic performance. Forty-eight taekwondo athletes (24 males and 24 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.8 ± 2.1 years) performed randomly, in separate sessions, SJ and CMJ tests using the right, left, and both legs to determine the asymmetry and BLI, the 10 s Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT10s), and its multiple version (FSKTmult). FSKT10s was positively correlated with CMJ asymmetry (ρ = 0.299, p = 0.039, low) and SJ BLI (r = 0.596, p < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (r = −0.472, p = 0.001, moderate). Similarly, FSKTmult was positively correlated with SJ BLI (ρ = 0.632, p < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (ρ = −0.532, p < 0.001, large). CMJ and SJ BLI explained 45.9% of the variance of the FSKT10s performance, whilst they explained 55.7% of the variance of FSKTmult performance. These results highlight the importance of managing both interlimb asymmetry and bilateral deficit indexes to achieve better performance by improving the strength of the non-dominant leg and using exercises that are performed bilaterally despite unilateral movements being predominant in taekwondo, which can potentially enhance the effectiveness in sport-specific actions Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport-Specific Testing and Training Methods in Youth)
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