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Separations
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Multidimensional Chromatography
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Multidimensional Chromatography

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 16360

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mariosimone Zoccali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematical and Computer Science, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: multidimensional chromatography; GC×GC; LC-GC; SFE-SFC
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The origin of multidimensional chromatography lies in planar chromatography. The coupling of chromatographic techniques is clearly attractive for the analysis of complex mixtures; in fact, numerous combinations have been proposed involving liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, and electrically driven separations.

Multidimensional chromatography under heart-cutting or comprehensive mode represents a capable tool for expanding the peak limit of monodimensional analysis. Using orthogonal chromatographic systems, analytes can be separated by exploiting two different mechanisms.

Heart-cutting two-dimensional chromatography has long been used to boost resolution, while the breakthrough for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography was the development of high-speed separations.

Commercial instruments, covering almost all possible coupling, are present on the market today, emphasizing the importance of this technique not only for research purposes but also in routine analytical methods.

Moreover, the availability of numerous software for method development, data acquisition, and data handling will indeed bring in many new applications.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect both original research papers and review articles able to highlight advancements in the use of multidimensional chromatography in different fields and stimulate dialogue about major obstacles that are still present.

I thank all authors for submitting their interesting contributions, the referees for their on-time reviews, and the editorial team of Separations for their professional collaboration and encouragement.

Dr. Mariosimone Zoccali
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Separations is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Multidimensional chromatography
  • Comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography
  • Heart-cutting two-dimensional chromatography
  • Gas chromatography
  • Liquid chromatography
  • Supercritical fluid chromatography

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1452 KiB  
Article
Pattern-Type Separation of Triacylglycerols by Silver Thiolate×Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography
by Paola Arena, Danilo Sciarrone, Paola Dugo, Paola Donato and Luigi Mondello
Separations 2021, 8(6), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8060088 - 21 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2625
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and [...] Read more.
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and authenticity of food products. The high complexity of many foodstuffs often makes untargeted elucidation of TAG components a challenging task; thus, more efficient separation techniques may be mandatory. In this research, the TAG profile of a borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil was obtained by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC×LC), by the coupling of silver thiolate and octadecylsilica monodisperse materials. A total 94 TAG compounds were identified by ion trap-time of flight detection, using atmospheric pressure ionization, with the degree of unsaturation varying from 0 to 9, and partition values ranging from 36 to 56. The group-type separation afforded by this analytical approach may be useful to quickly fingerprint TAG components of oil samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidimensional Chromatography)
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9 pages, 2904 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Organic Sulphur Compounds in Coal Tar by Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
by Ivan Aloisi, Mariosimone Zoccali, Peter Q. Tranchida and Luigi Mondello
Separations 2020, 7(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7020026 - 9 May 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4347
Abstract
Coal tar is a complex mixture of organic compounds obtained from the thermal treatment of coal; it contains several different chemical classes of compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and different heterocyclic compounds including sulphur derivatives. In the present research, a target [...] Read more.
Coal tar is a complex mixture of organic compounds obtained from the thermal treatment of coal; it contains several different chemical classes of compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and different heterocyclic compounds including sulphur derivatives. In the present research, a target analysis was carried out for the characterisation of fourteen different classes of organic sulphur compounds in coal tar by using cryogenically-modulated (CM) comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-HR ToFMS) with the support of target analyte finding, a specific software function. Furthermore, absolute quantification data were obtained by using eight pure standard sulphur compounds, and 1-fluoronaphthalene as internal standard. Several figures-of-merit of the proposed method were measured (linearity, intra-day precision, limits of detection and quantification). Finally, the overall analytical performance of CM GC×GC-HR ToFMS was evaluated, in relation to MS similarities, mass accuracies, second-dimension peak widths, peak capacity and tailing factors. The approach proved itself as being a powerful analytical platform, benefiting from the high sensitivity, selectivity and resolving power, of both the GC and MS sides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidimensional Chromatography)
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12 pages, 3362 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Online Comprehensive HILIC × RP and RP × RP with Trapping Modulation Coupled to Mass Spectrometry for Microalgae Peptidomics
by Eduardo Sommella, Emanuela Salviati, Simona Musella, Veronica Di Sarno, Francesco Gasparrini and Pietro Campiglia
Separations 2020, 7(2), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7020025 - 30 Apr 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3471
Abstract
In this work, two online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography platforms, namely Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography × Reversed phase (HILIC × RP) and Reversed phase × Reversed Phase (RP × RP) coupled to mass spectrometry, were compared for the analysis of complex peptide samples. [...] Read more.
In this work, two online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography platforms, namely Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography × Reversed phase (HILIC × RP) and Reversed phase × Reversed Phase (RP × RP) coupled to mass spectrometry, were compared for the analysis of complex peptide samples. In the first dimension, a HILIC Amide and C18 Bioshell peptide (150 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 and 2.0 μm) columns were selected, while, in the second dimension, a short C18 (50 × 3.0 mm, 2.7 μm) Bioshell peptide column was used. Two C18 trapping columns (10 × 3.0 mm, 1.9 μm), characterized by high retention and surface area, were employed as modulation interface in both HILIC × RP and RP × RP methods. The LC × LC platforms were coupled to UV and tandem mass spectrometry detection and tested for the separation and identification of two gastro-intestinal digests of commercial microalgae formulations (Spirulina Platensis and Klamath). Their performances were evaluated in terms of peak capacity, maximum number and properties of identified phycocyanin peptides. Our results showed that the HILIC × RP approach provided the highest peak capacity values (nc HILIC × RP: 932 vs. nc RP × RP: 701) with an analysis time of 60 min, while the RP × RP approach was able to identify a slight higher number of phycocyanin derived peptides (HILIC × RP: 88 vs. RP × RP: 103). These results point out the flexibility and potential of HILIC × RP and RP × RP based on trapping modulation for peptide mapping approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidimensional Chromatography)
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17 pages, 2413 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Profiling of Varronia curassavica Jacq. Terpenoids by Flow Modulated Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
by Roselaine Facanali, Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques and Leandro Wang Hantao
Separations 2020, 7(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations7010018 - 13 Mar 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5027
Abstract
In this study, a metabolomic approach was used to investigate the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and yield of anti-inflammatory active principle, α-humulene, in the essential oil of three genotypes of Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Syn. Cordia verbenaceae). The essential oils [...] Read more.
In this study, a metabolomic approach was used to investigate the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and yield of anti-inflammatory active principle, α-humulene, in the essential oil of three genotypes of Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Syn. Cordia verbenaceae). The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS). The GC×GC approach a three-fold improvement in qualitative analysis (48 compounds were identified by GC-MS versus 135 by GC×GC-MS). The improved resolving power of GC×GC resolved important coelutions and enabled the detection of unusual substances in V. curassavica essential oil. The chromatographic data was analyzed by using peak table-based chemometrics, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The metabolic study showed that seasonality has a significant effect on the chemical composition. The α-humulene content was affected by genotype and season. Spring and summer were the best harvest seasons for the yield of the active ingredient, found in higher concentrations in the VC2 genotype. The proposed metabolomic workflow was successfully applied to terpene analysis found in V. curassavica essential oil, and such results have broadened our understanding of the influence of seasonal factors on the specialized metabolism of the species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidimensional Chromatography)
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