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Ultrasonic Sensing and Photogrammetry for Non-destructive Testing

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Prof. Dr. Juan V. Sánchez-Pérez

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Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: use of ultrasounds and photogrammetry in nondestructive testing; application to pictorial artworks
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Dr. Fernando Buchón Moragues

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Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: close-range photogrammetry applied to medicine, art, industry, and heritage; laser scanner; virtual representations; archeology
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Prof. Dr. Jose Maria Bravo

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Centre for Physical Technologies, Acoustics, Materials and Astrophysics, Applied Acoustics Division, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: noise control; innovative product development; ultrasonic applications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to present a call for papers for the launch of a Special Issue of Sensors devoted to "Ultrasonics and Photogrammetry for Non-destructive Testing". We invite studies concerning the development of new methodologies for non-destructive analysis, including techniques based on sensors, ultrasounds, photogrammetry, IR imaging, thermal texturing and laser scanning—both long and short range—and their applications in biology, medicine, heritage, earth surveying and construction. Multidisciplinary approaches in which several non-invasive techniques are used in a combined and complementary way for the resolution of problems in different fields are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Juan V. Sánchez-Pérez
Dr. Fernando Buchón Moragues
Dr. Jose Maria Bravo
Guest Editors

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13 pages, 4176 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Anisotropic Salt Weathering through Nondestructive Techniques Mapping Using a GIS Environment

by Miguel Gomez-Heras, Laura López-González, María Teresa Gil-Muñoz, Cristina Cabello-Briones, David Benavente and Javier Martínez-Martínez

Sensors 2024, 24(9), 2686; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092686 - 24 Apr 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1550

Abstract

Doctrinal texts on architectural heritage conservation emphasize the importance of fully understanding the structural and material characteristics and utilizing information systems. Photogrammetry allows for the generation of detailed, geo-referenced Digital Elevation Models of architectural elements at a low cost, while GIS software enables the addition of layers of material characteristic data to these models, creating different property maps that can be combined through map algebra. This paper presents the results of the mechanical characterization of materials and salt-related decay forms of the polygonal apse of the 13th-century monastery of Santa María de Bonaval (Guadalajara, Spain), which is primarily affected by salt crystallization. Rock strength is estimated using on-site nondestructive testing (ultrasound pulse velocity and Leeb hardness). They are mapped and combined through map algebra to derive a single mechanical soundness index (MSI) to determine whether the decay of the walls could be dependent on the orientation. The presented results show that salt decay in the building is anisotropic, with the south-facing side of the apse displaying an overall lower MSI than the others. The relative overheating of the south-facing side of the apse enhances the effect of salt crystallization, thereby promoting phase transitions between epsomite and hexahydrite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonic Sensing and Photogrammetry for Non-destructive Testing)

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24 pages, 11588 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

by Giuseppe Casula, Silvana Fais, Francesco Cuccuru, Maria Giovanna Bianchi and Paola Ligas

Sensors 2023, 23(6), 3098; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063098 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2086

Abstract

Here, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of each methodology are overcome by the synergistic application of these methods, affording an accurate, complete 3D image of the studied elements. Our procedure begins with a macroscopic in situ analysis to provide a preliminary diagnosis of the conditions of the building materials. The next step is laboratory tests, in which the porosity and other textural characteristics of the carbonate building materials are studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. After this, a survey with a terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry is planned and executed to produce accurate high-resolution 3D digital models of the entire church and the ancient columns inside. This was the main objective of this study. The high-resolution 3D models allowed us to identify architectural complications occurring in historical buildings. The 3D reconstruction with the above metric techniques was indispensable for planning and carrying out the 3D ultrasonic tomography, which played an important role in detecting defects, voids, and flaws within the body of the studied columns by analyzing the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The high-resolution 3D multiparametric models allowed us to obtain an extremely accurate picture of the conservation state of the studied columns in order to locate and characterize both shallow and internal defects in the building materials. This integrated procedure can aid in the control of the spatial and temporal variations in the materials’ properties and provides information on the process of deterioration in order to allow adequate restoration solutions to be developed and the structural health of the artefact to be monitored. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonic Sensing and Photogrammetry for Non-destructive Testing)

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