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Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications
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Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 October 2024) | Viewed by 15275

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessandro Rizzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Radiation Protection Institute (IRP)—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
Interests: nuclear and particle physics; environmental physics; radiological protection; detectors; simulations; data analysis
Dr. Luca Ciciani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Radiation Protection Institute (IRP)—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), 00123 Rome, Italy
Interests: environmental physics; particles and radiation detectors; radiological protection; internal dosimetry and in-vivo measurements; gamma spectroscopy; nuclear and radiological plants decommissioning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Historically, particle and radiation detector research and development has followed the increasing technical demand from nuclear and particle physics experiments in fundamental physics research. At present, detector technology is also widely applied in other research and industrial fields such as environmental, medical and radiological protection studies, or nuclear and oil industries, among others. This generates a growing interest in detector R&D as this technology often represents a key factor for technical and scientific advancement in the respective application field. Moreover, innovative detector projects, but also those originating from technology transfer, can have positive outcomes, in turn leading to economic benefits, making detector R&D particularly appealing and of interest to national research programs.

In such a context, the aim of this Special Issue is to collect original research works on particle and radiation detector R&D, including innovative projects as well as those originating from technology transfer. In particular, articles can focus on detector design and technical features, construction, performance evaluation and characterization, based on physical studies and/or mathematical simulations. In particular, studies that include practical and innovative instrumentation applications are warmly welcomed.

Dr. Alessandro Rizzo
Dr. Luca Ciciani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • detectors
  • R&D
  • measurements
  • characterization
  • simulations
  • nuclear physics
  • particle physics
  • medical physics
  • space physics
  • environmental physics

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 6027 KiB  
Article
Potentialities of CdZnTe Quasi-Hemispherical Detectors for Hard X-ray Spectroscopy of Kaonic Atoms at the DAΦNE Collider
by Leonardo Abbene, Antonino Buttacavoli, Fabio Principato, Gaetano Gerardi, Manuele Bettelli, Andrea Zappettini, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Marco Carminati, Alberto Clozza, Griseld Deda, Raffaele Del Grande, Luca De Paolis, Laura Fabbietti, Carlo Fiorini, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Misahiko Iwasaki, Aleksander Khreptak, Simone Manti, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Pawel Moskal, Fabrizio Napolitano, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Hiroaky Ohnishi, Kristian Piscicchia, Yuta Sada, Francesco Sgaramella, Hexi Shi, Michalł Silarski, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Magdalena Skurzok, Antonio Spallone, Kairo Toho, Marlene Tüchler, Oton Vazquez Doce, Chihiro Yoshida, Johannes Zmeskal, Alessandro Scordo and Catalina Curceanuadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Sensors 2023, 23(17), 7328; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23177328 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1495
Abstract
Kaonic atom X-ray spectroscopy is a consolidated technique for investigations on the physics of strong kaon–nucleus/nucleon interaction. Several experiments have been conducted regarding the measurement of soft X-ray emission (<20 keV) from light kaonic atoms (hydrogen, deuterium, and helium). Currently, there have been [...] Read more.
Kaonic atom X-ray spectroscopy is a consolidated technique for investigations on the physics of strong kaon–nucleus/nucleon interaction. Several experiments have been conducted regarding the measurement of soft X-ray emission (<20 keV) from light kaonic atoms (hydrogen, deuterium, and helium). Currently, there have been new research activities within the framework of the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment and EXCALIBUR proposal focusing on performing precise and accurate measurements of hard X-rays (>20 keV) from intermediate kaonic atoms (carbon, aluminum, and sulfur). In this context, we investigated cadmium–zinc–telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) detectors, which have recently demonstrated high-resolution capabilities for hard X-ray and gamma-ray detection. A demonstrator prototype based on a new cadmium–zinc–telluride quasi-hemispherical detector and custom digital pulse processing electronics was developed. The detector covered a detection area of 1 cm2 with a single readout channel and interesting room-temperature performance with energy resolution of 4.4% (2.6 keV), 3% (3.7 keV), and 1.4% (9.3 keV) FWHM at 59.5, 122.1, and 662 keV, respectively. The results from X-ray measurements at the DAΦNE collider at the INFN National Laboratories of Frascati (Italy) are also presented with particular attention to the effects and rejection of electromagnetic and hadronic background. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications)
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18 pages, 4917 KiB  
Article
Bragg Curve Detection of Low-Energy Protons by Radiophotoluminescence Imaging in Lithium Fluoride Thin Films
by Rosa Maria Montereali, Valentina Nigro, Massimo Piccinini, Maria Aurora Vincenti, Alessandro Ampollini, Paolo Nenzi, Concetta Ronsivalle and Enrico Nichelatti
Sensors 2023, 23(10), 4779; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104779 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1997
Abstract
Lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals and thin films are utilized as radiation detectors for energy diagnostics of proton beams. This is achieved by analyzing the Bragg curves in LiF obtained by imaging the radiophotoluminescence of color centers created by protons. In LiF crystals, the [...] Read more.
Lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals and thin films are utilized as radiation detectors for energy diagnostics of proton beams. This is achieved by analyzing the Bragg curves in LiF obtained by imaging the radiophotoluminescence of color centers created by protons. In LiF crystals, the Bragg peak depth increases superlinearly with the particle energy. A previous study has shown that, when 35 MeV protons impinge at grazing incidence onto LiF films deposited on Si(100) substrates, the Bragg peak in the films is located at the depth where it would be found in Si rather than in LiF due to multiple Coulomb scattering. In this paper, Monte Carlo simulations of proton irradiations in the 1–8 MeV energy range are performed and compared to experimental Bragg curves in optically transparent LiF films on Si(100) substrates. Our study focuses on this energy range because, as energy increases, the Bragg peak gradually shifts from the depth in LiF to that in Si. The impact of grazing incidence angle, LiF packing density, and film thickness on shaping the Bragg curve in the film is examined. At energies higher than 8 MeV, all these quantities must be considered, although the effect of packing density plays a minor role. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications)
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15 pages, 4026 KiB  
Article
LIDAL, a Time-of-Flight Radiation Detector for the International Space Station: Description and Ground Calibration
by Giulia Romoli, Luca Di Fino, Giorgia Santi Amantini, Virginia Boretti, Luca Lunati, Carolina Berucci, Roberto Messi, Alessandro Rizzo, Pietro Albicocco, Cinzia De Donato, Giuseppe Masciantonio, Maria Cristina Morone, Giovanni Nobili, Giorgio Baiocco, Alice Mentana, Marco Pullia, Francesco Tommasino, Elisa Carrubba, Antonio Bardi, Marco Passerai, Dario Castagnolo, Gabriele Mascetti, Marino Crisconio and Livio Nariciadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Sensors 2023, 23(7), 3559; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23073559 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3498
Abstract
LIDAL (Light Ion Detector for ALTEA, Anomalous Long-Term Effects on Astronauts) is a radiation detector designed to measure the flux, the energy spectra and, for the first time, the time-of-flight of ions in a space habitat. It features a combination of striped silicon [...] Read more.
LIDAL (Light Ion Detector for ALTEA, Anomalous Long-Term Effects on Astronauts) is a radiation detector designed to measure the flux, the energy spectra and, for the first time, the time-of-flight of ions in a space habitat. It features a combination of striped silicon sensors for the measurement of deposited energy (using the ALTEA device, which operated from 2006 to 2012 in the International Space Station) and fast scintillators for the time-of-flight measurement. LIDAL was tested and calibrated using the proton beam line at TIFPA (Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics Application) and the carbon beam line at CNAO (National Center for Oncology Hadron-therapy) in 2019. The performance of the time-of-flight system featured a time resolution (sigma) less than 100 ps. Here, we describe the detector and the results of these tests, providing ground calibration curves along with the methodology established for processing the detector’s data. LIDAL was uploaded in the International Space Station in November 2019 and it has been operative in the Columbus module since January 2020. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications)
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Review

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12 pages, 484 KiB  
Review
Radiation Detection—CD/DVD, Glass, and Emerging Materials for Radon Exposure Assessment
by Phoka C. Rathebe and Mota Kholopo
Sensors 2024, 24(23), 7674; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237674 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 947
Abstract
This review aimed to explore advances in radon detection methods, emphasizing cost-effectiveness and accessible techniques such as CDs, DVDs, and glass-based detectors. In this review, we compared traditional methods like alpha track detectors and continuous radon monitors with emerging innovations that leverage polycarbonate [...] Read more.
This review aimed to explore advances in radon detection methods, emphasizing cost-effectiveness and accessible techniques such as CDs, DVDs, and glass-based detectors. In this review, we compared traditional methods like alpha track detectors and continuous radon monitors with emerging innovations that leverage polycarbonate material and IoT-integrated systems. Our evaluation of the synthesis suggests that CDs and DVDs provide scalable solutions for long-term radon monitoring, while glass-based detectors like CR-39 offer high sensitivity for epidemiological studies. The integration of IoT and AI technologies further enhances real-time radon monitoring, paving the way for precise, scalable, and affordable radon mitigation strategies. This work highlights the importance of low-cost, innovative approaches in reducing radon-related lung cancer risks and informs future research on optimizing the technologies for diverse environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications)
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38 pages, 8036 KiB  
Review
Overview of High-Performance Timing and Position-Sensitive MCP Detectors Utilizing Secondary Electron Emission for Mass Measurements of Exotic Nuclei at Nuclear Physics Facilities
by Zhuang Ge
Sensors 2024, 24(22), 7261; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24227261 - 13 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1465
Abstract
Timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors, which detect secondary electrons (SEs) emitted from a conversion foil during ion passage, are widely utilized in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics experiments. This review covers high-performance timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors that use SE emission for mass [...] Read more.
Timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors, which detect secondary electrons (SEs) emitted from a conversion foil during ion passage, are widely utilized in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics experiments. This review covers high-performance timing and/or position-sensitive MCP detectors that use SE emission for mass measurements of exotic nuclei at nuclear physics facilities, along with their applications in new measurement schemes. The design, principles, performance, and applications of these detectors with different arrangements of electromagnetic fields are summarized. To achieve high precision and accuracy in mass measurements of exotic nuclei using time-of-flight (TOF) and/or position (imaging) measurement methods, such as high-resolution beam-line magnetic-rigidity time-of-flight (Bρ-TOF) and in-ring isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS), foil-MCP detectors with high position and timing resolution have been introduced and simulated. Beyond TOF mass measurements, these new detector systems are also described for use in heavy ion beam trajectory monitoring and momentum measurements for both beam-line and in-ring applications. Additionally, the use of position-sensitive timing foil-MCP detectors for Penning trap mass spectrometers and multi-reflection time-of-flight (MR-TOF) mass spectrometers is proposed and discussed to improve efficiency and enhance precision. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications)
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25 pages, 15173 KiB  
Review
Halide Perovskites Films for Ionizing Radiation Detection: An Overview of Novel Solid-State Devices
by Naomi Falsini, Alberto Ubaldini, Flavio Cicconi, Antonietta Rizzo, Anna Vinattieri and Mara Bruzzi
Sensors 2023, 23(10), 4930; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23104930 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4365
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a novel class of semiconductors that have attracted great interest in recent decades due to their peculiar properties of interest for optoelectronics. In fact, their use ranges from the field of sensors and light emitters to ionizing radiation detectors. Since [...] Read more.
Halide perovskites are a novel class of semiconductors that have attracted great interest in recent decades due to their peculiar properties of interest for optoelectronics. In fact, their use ranges from the field of sensors and light emitters to ionizing radiation detectors. Since 2015, ionizing radiation detectors exploiting perovskite films as active media have been developed. Recently, it has also been demonstrated that such devices can be suitable for medical and diagnostic applications. This review collects most of the recent and innovative publications regarding solid-state devices for the detection of X-rays, neutrons, and protons based on perovskite thin and thick films in order to show that this type of material can be used to design a new generation of devices and sensors. Thin and thick films of halide perovskites are indeed excellent candidates for low-cost and large-area device applications, where the film morphology allows the implementation on flexible devices, which is a cutting-edge topic in the sensor sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particle Detector R&D: Design, Characterization and Applications)
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