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New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors
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New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 22347

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Erika Scavetta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale ‘Toso Montanari’, Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: material chemistry; electrochemistry; organic electrochemical transistors; electrochemical sensors; conducting polymers; electrocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Isacco Gualandi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: materials chemistry; analytical chemistry; electrochemistry; organic transistors; nanostructured materials; electrochemical sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical sensors are important tools in several fields, including environmental monitoring, agri-food control, and biomedical analysis. Nowadays, research efforts are focused on the fabrication of devices with enhanced performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, limit of detection, response time, and long-term use. To be employed for emerging applications, other features are of paramount importance, such as the possibility of miniaturization, the construction of flexible and soft devices on unconventional substrates, low-cost fabrication, low operation voltage, and power consumption. Besides potentiometric and amperometric sensors, emerging devices such as organic field effect transistors show great promise in the field, since they can guarantee enhanced performance. Moreover, the use of nanostructured electrode materials or functionalized conducting polymers can further enhance device performance.

This upcoming Special Issue on ‘New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors’ will report on cutting-edge developments in this growing field. We invite research articles and review articles on topics including but not limited to the following:

  • Organic field effect transistors for chemical sensing;
  • New electrode materials;  
  • Textile electrochemical sensors;
  • Flexible electochemical sensors;
  • Electrochemical sensors with micro or nano dimensions;
  • Ultrasensitive electrochemical sensors; 
  • Fast electrochemical sensors;
  • Long-term use electrochemical sensors.

Both research papers and review articles will be considered. We look forward to and welcome your participation in this Special Issue.

Dr. Erika Scavetta
Dr. Isacco Gualandi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Flexible sensors
  • Textile electrochemical sensors
  • Organic field effect transistors
  • Long-term use sensors
  • New electrode materials
  • Nano and micro sensors
  • Enhanced performance.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2157 KiB  
Article
A Cu(II)-MOF Based on a Propargyl Carbamate-Functionalized Isophthalate Ligand as Nitrite Electrochemical Sensor
by Maria Cristina Cassani, Riccardo Castagnoli, Francesca Gambassi, Daniele Nanni, Ilaria Ragazzini, Norberto Masciocchi, Elisa Boanini and Barbara Ballarin
Sensors 2021, 21(14), 4922; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144922 - 20 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2868
Abstract
This paper investigates the electrochemical properties of a new Cu(II)-based metal-organic framework (MOF). Noted as Cu-YBDC, it is built upon a linker containing the propargyl carbamate functionality and immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode by drop-casting (GC/Cu-YBDC). Afterward, GC/Cu-YBDC was treated with HAuCl [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the electrochemical properties of a new Cu(II)-based metal-organic framework (MOF). Noted as Cu-YBDC, it is built upon a linker containing the propargyl carbamate functionality and immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode by drop-casting (GC/Cu-YBDC). Afterward, GC/Cu-YBDC was treated with HAuCl4 and the direct electro-deposition of Au nanoparticles was carried at 0.05 V for 600 s (GC/Au/Cu-YBDC). The performance of both electrodes towards nitrite oxidation was tested and it was found that GC/Au/Cu-YBDC exhibited a better electrocatalytic behavior toward the oxidation of nitrite than GC/Cu-YBDC with enhanced catalytic currents and a reduced nitrite overpotential from 1.20 to 0.90 V. Additionally GC/Au/Cu-YBDC showed a low limit of detection (5.0 μM), an ultrafast response time (<2 s), and a wide linear range of up to 8 mM in neutral pH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors)
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13 pages, 3285 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Detection of Glucose and Fructose in Synthetic Musts by Multivariate Analysis of Silica-Based Amperometric Sensor Signals
by Joaquin Rafael Crespo-Rosa, Giorgia Foca, Alessandro Ulrici, Laura Pigani, Barbara Zanfrognini, Laura Cubillana-Aguilera, José María Palacios-Santander and Chiara Zanardi
Sensors 2021, 21(12), 4190; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21124190 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3405
Abstract
Silica-based electrodes which permanently include a graphite/Au nanoparticles composite were tested for non-enzymatic detection of glucose and fructose. The composite material showed an effective electrocatalytic activity, to achieve the oxidation of the two analytes at quite low potential values and with good linearity. [...] Read more.
Silica-based electrodes which permanently include a graphite/Au nanoparticles composite were tested for non-enzymatic detection of glucose and fructose. The composite material showed an effective electrocatalytic activity, to achieve the oxidation of the two analytes at quite low potential values and with good linearity. Reduced surface passivation was observed even in presence of organic species normally constituting real samples. Electrochemical responses were systematically recorded in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry by analysing 99 solutions containing glucose and fructose at different concentration values. The analysed samples consisted both in glucose and fructose aqueous solutions at pH 12 and in solutions of synthetic musts of red grapes, to test the feasibility of the approach in a real frame. Multivariate exploratory analyses of the electrochemical signals were performed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This gave evidence of the effectiveness of the chemometric approach to study the electrochemical sensor responses. Thanks to PCA, it was possible to highlight the different contributions of glucose and fructose to the voltammetric signal, allowing their selective determination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors)
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12 pages, 1397 KiB  
Article
Dimensionally Stable Anode Based Sensor for Urea Determination via Linear Sweep Voltammetry
by Maria de Lourdes S. Vasconcellos, Luiz Ricardo G. Silva, Chung-Seop Lee, Ana Sofia Fajardo, Sergi Garcia-Segura and Josimar Ribeiro
Sensors 2021, 21(10), 3450; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103450 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3489
Abstract
Urea is an added value chemical with wide applications in the industry and agriculture. The release of urea waste to the environment affects ecosystem health despite its low toxicity. Online monitoring of urea for industrial applications and environmental health is an unaddressed challenge. [...] Read more.
Urea is an added value chemical with wide applications in the industry and agriculture. The release of urea waste to the environment affects ecosystem health despite its low toxicity. Online monitoring of urea for industrial applications and environmental health is an unaddressed challenge. Electroanalytical techniques can be a smart integrated solution for online monitoring if sensors can overcome the major barrier associated with long-term stability. Mixed metal oxides have shown excellent stability in environmental conditions with long lasting operational lives. However, these materials have been barely explored for sensing applications. This work presents a proof of concept that demonstrates the applicability of an indirect electroanalytical quantification method of urea. The use of Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2 dimensional stable anode (DSA®) can provide accurate and sensitive quantification of urea in aqueous samples exploiting the excellent catalytic properties of DSA® on the electrogeneration of active chlorine species. The cathodic reduction of accumulated HClO/ClO− from anodic electrogeneration presented a direct relationship with urea concentration. This novel method can allow urea quantification with a competitive LOD of 1.83 × 10−6 mol L−1 within a linear range of 6.66 × 10−6 to 3.33 × 10−4 mol L−1 of urea concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors)
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15 pages, 2119 KiB  
Article
Layered Double Hydroxide-Modified Organic Electrochemical Transistor for Glucose and Lactate Biosensing
by Isacco Gualandi, Marta Tessarolo, Federica Mariani, Danilo Arcangeli, Luca Possanzini, Domenica Tonelli, Beatrice Fraboni and Erika Scavetta
Sensors 2020, 20(12), 3453; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123453 - 18 Jun 2020
Cited by 54 | Viewed by 5917
Abstract
Biosensors based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) are developed for the selective detection of glucose and lactate. The transistor architecture provides signal amplification (gain) with respect to the simple amperometric response. The biosensors are based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) channel and the gate [...] Read more.
Biosensors based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) are developed for the selective detection of glucose and lactate. The transistor architecture provides signal amplification (gain) with respect to the simple amperometric response. The biosensors are based on a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) channel and the gate electrode is functionalised with glucose oxidase (GOx) or lactate oxidase (LOx) enzymes, which are immobilised within a Ni/Al Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) through a one-step electrodeposition procedure. The here-designed OECT architecture allows minimising the required amount of enzyme during electrodeposition. The output signal of the biosensor is the drain current (Id), which decreases as the analyte concentration increases. In the optimised conditions, the biosensor responds to glucose in the range of 0.1–8.0 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 mM. Two regimes of proportionality are observed. For concentrations lower than 1.0 mM, a linear response is obtained with a mean gain of 360, whereas for concentrations higher than 1.0 mM, Id is proportional to the logarithm of glucose concentration, with a gain of 220. For lactate detection, the biosensor response is linear in the whole concentration range (0.05–8.0 mM). A LOD of 0.04 mM is reached, with a net gain equal to 400. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors)
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17 pages, 4684 KiB  
Article
TiO2-x/TiO2-Structure Based ‘Self-Heated’ Sensor for the Determination of Some Reducing Gases
by Simonas Ramanavicius, Alla Tereshchenko, Renata Karpicz, Vilma Ratautaite, Urte Bubniene, Audrius Maneikis, Arunas Jagminas and Arunas Ramanavicius
Sensors 2020, 20(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010074 - 21 Dec 2019
Cited by 57 | Viewed by 5656
Abstract
In this research we report the gas-sensing properties of TiO2-x/TiO2-based hetero-structure, which was ‘self-heated’ by current that at constant potential passed through the structure. Amperometric measurements were applied for the evaluation of sensor response towards ethanol, methanol, n-propanol and [...] Read more.
In this research we report the gas-sensing properties of TiO2-x/TiO2-based hetero-structure, which was ‘self-heated’ by current that at constant potential passed through the structure. Amperometric measurements were applied for the evaluation of sensor response towards ethanol, methanol, n-propanol and acetone gases/vapours. The sensitivity towards these gases was based on electrical resistance changes, which were determined by amperometric measurements of current at fixed voltage applied between Pt-based contacts/electrodes deposited on the TiO2-x/TiO2-based layer. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of TiO2-x/TiO2-based hetero-structure, which is mainly based on Ti3O5/TiO2 formed during the hydro-thermal oxidation-based sensing-layer preparation process. Additionally, photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence decay kinetics-based signals of this sensing structure revealed the presence of TiO2 mainly in the anatase phase in the TiO2-x/TiO2-based hetero-structure, which was formed at 400 °C annealing temperature. The evaluation of TiO2-x/TiO2-based gas-sensing layer was performed at several different temperatures (25 °C, 72 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C) and at these temperatures different sensitivity to the aforementioned gaseous materials was determined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Generation of Electrochemical Sensors)
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