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AI UAV-Based Systems for Agricultural Monitoring

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Smart Agriculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 849

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Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Agricultural systems worldwide face increasing pressures from climate change, resource scarcity, and the demand for sustainable intensification. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with advanced sensors and combined with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have emerged as a transformative technology for precision agriculture, enabling frequent, high-resolution monitoring of crop health, water status, pest and disease outbreaks, nutrient deficiencies, and yield forecasting.

This Special Issue will focus on the integration of AI and UAV sensor technologies for all aspects of agricultural monitoring, from data acquisition and pre-processing to estimation, prediction, decision support, and actionable farm management insights. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, multispectral/hyperspectral and thermal sensing, machine and deep learning for feature extraction and anomaly detection, sensor fusion and data quality enhancement, autonomous UAV navigation and mission planning, digital twins in agriculture, and real-world case studies demonstrating the field deployment and impacts of these sensor technologies.

We invite authors to submit original research articles, comprehensive reviews, case studies, and short communications that advance the state of the art in AI-enabled UAV sensing and monitoring for agriculture, with a special emphasis on innovation, practical applicability, and multidisciplinary approaches that bridge sensing technologies with agronomic practices.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • AI-based preprocessing and feature extraction from UAV-borne multispectral, hyperspectral, and thermal data;
  • Deep learning for crop disease, stress, and phenotyping analysis;
  • Sensor fusion, data integration, and spatiotemporal modeling;
  • Autonomous UAV systems, path planning, and in-flight decision making;
  • Precision irrigation and nutrient management support using predictive models;
  • Case studies of real-world deployment in diverse crop systems;
  • Explainability and uncertainty estimation in AI for agricultural monitoring;
  • Challenges, ethics, and regulatory aspects of UAV-AI integration.

Dr. Jaume Segura-Garcia
Dr. Miguel García-Pineda
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
  • precision agriculture
  • Agriculture 5.0
  • machine learning
  • sensor fusion
  • multispectral imaging
  • hyperspectral imaging
  • thermal sensing
  • crop monitoring
  • autonomous systems
  • remote sensing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 4047 KB  
Article
UAV-Based Estimation of Tea Leaf Area Index in Mountainous Terrain: Integrating Topographic Correction and Interpretable Machine Learning
by Na Lin, Jian Zhao, Huxiang Shao, Miaomiao Wang and Hong Chen
Sensors 2026, 26(7), 2218; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26072218 - 3 Apr 2026
Viewed by 534
Abstract
Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a fundamental parameter for characterizing the growth of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). However, in rugged mountainous regions, the combined effects of topographic relief and canopy structural heterogeneity severely constrain the accuracy of UAV-based multispectral LAI retrieval. This [...] Read more.
Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a fundamental parameter for characterizing the growth of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). However, in rugged mountainous regions, the combined effects of topographic relief and canopy structural heterogeneity severely constrain the accuracy of UAV-based multispectral LAI retrieval. This study develops an integrated framework combining topographic correction with interpretable machine learning to improve LAI estimation. We utilized a UAV multispectral dataset collected during the peak growing season from a typical tea-growing region in Fujian Province, China (altitude range: 58–186 m), comprising a total of 90 samples. Three topographic correction methods, including Sun–Canopy–Sensor (SCS), SCS with C correction (SCS+C), and Minnaert+SCS, were evaluated in combination with Linear Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models. Results indicated that the SCS+C algorithm outperformed other methods by effectively accounting for direct and diffuse radiation components, thereby reducing topographic dependence while maintaining radiometric consistency across heterogeneous surfaces. The XGBoost model combined with SCS+C correction achieved the highest performance (R2 = 0.8930, RMSE = 0.6676, nRMSE = 7.93%, MAE = 0.4936, Bias = −0.0836). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis revealed a structure-dominated retrieval mechanism, in which red-band textural features (Correlation_R) exhibited higher importance than conventional vegetation indices. Compared with previous studies that primarily focus on either topographic correction or model development, this study provides quantitative insights into the underlying retrieval mechanisms. This framework improves the precision of tea LAI retrieval in complex terrains and provides a robust methodological basis for digital management in mountainous agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI UAV-Based Systems for Agricultural Monitoring)
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