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Special Issue "Medical Sensors"

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 January 2022.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Keat Ghee Ong
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-6231, USA
Interests: implantable sensors; wireless sensors; regenerative medicine; biomedical instrumentation; magnetoelastic materials
Special Issues and Collections in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sensors is inviting researchers to highlight the latest advancement in medical sensors by reporting on the development and implementation of these technologies for the study, treatment, and prevention of various diseases and injuries. This issue is particularly looking for recent technological innovations, including, but not limited to, new developments and recent improvements in designs, electronics, data processing, and materials for medical sensors. In addition, solutions to the challenges faced by medical sensors and their use for disease diagnosis and treatment are also of great interest. Below is a list of the focus areas for this issue.

  • Medial sensor design and fabrication
    • Innovative sensing technologies for medical applications
    • New or improved fabrication techniques for medical sensors
    • New technologies for enhancing the performance of medical sensors
    • Development/improvement in medical devices for disease diagnosis
    • New sensors for biomarker detection
    • New designs or developments of implantable sensors
    • Power management such as energy harvesting, energy storage, wireless power and energy conservation
    • Innovations in point-of-care medical sensors
  • Applications
    • Implementations of medical sensors for treating, monitoring, or preventing of diseases and/or injuries
    • Reports and solutions for challenges such as biocompatibility issue, sensor fouling and drift, and other technical limitations of current medical sensors
    • Applications of medical sensors as research tools

In addition to the priority areas listed above, Sensors will also consider other findings and advancements related to medical sensors. However, it is advisable to communicate with the Guest Editors to determine their alignment to this issue. Sensors will also accept critical reviews in the field or subfield of medical sensors, but prior coordination with the Guest Editors is recommended.

Prof. Dr. Keat Ghee Ong
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Medical sensors
  • Implantable sensors
  • Biosensors
  • Point-of-care technologies
  • Sensor materials
  • Biocompatibility
  • Medical devices
  • Biomarkers
  • Sensor data analysis and processing
  • Medical diagnosis
  • Regenerative medicine

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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Article
Noninvasive Measurement of Time-Varying Arterial Wall Elastance Using a Single-Frequency Vibration Approach
Sensors 2020, 20(22), 6463; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20226463 - 12 Nov 2020
Viewed by 471
Abstract
The arterial wall elastance is an important indicator of arterial stiffness and a kind of manifestation associated with vessel-related disease. The time-varying arterial wall elastances can be measured using a multiple-frequency vibration approach according to the Voigt and Maxwell model. However, such a [...] Read more.
The arterial wall elastance is an important indicator of arterial stiffness and a kind of manifestation associated with vessel-related disease. The time-varying arterial wall elastances can be measured using a multiple-frequency vibration approach according to the Voigt and Maxwell model. However, such a method needs extensive calculation time and its operating steps are very complex. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a simple and easy method for assessing the time-varying arterial wall elastances with the single-frequency vibration approach. This method was developed according to the simplified Voigt and Maxwell model. Thus, the arterial wall elastance measured using this method was compared with the elastance measured using the multiple-frequency vibration approach. In the single-frequency vibration approach, a moving probe of a vibrator was induced with a radial displacement of 0.15 mm and a 40 Hz frequency. The tip of the probe directly contacted the wall of a superficial radial artery, resulting in the arterial wall moving 0.15 mm radially. A force sensor attached to the probe was used to detect the reactive force exerted by the radial arterial wall. According to Voigt and Maxwell model, the wall elastance (Esingle) was calculated from the ratio of the measured reactive force to the peak deflection of the displacement. The wall elastances (Emultiple) measured by the multiple-frequency vibration approach were used as the reference to validate the performance of the single-frequency approach. Twenty-eight healthy subjects were recruited in the study. Individual wall elastances of the radial artery were determined with the multiple-frequency and the single-frequency approaches at room temperature (25 °C), after 5 min of cold stress (4 °C), and after 5 min of hot stress (42 °C). We found that the time-varying Esingle curves were very close to the time-varying Emultiple curves. Meanwhile, there was a regression line (Esingle = 0.019 + 0.91 Emultiple, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 0.0295, p < 0.0001) with a high correlation coefficient (0.995) between Esingle and Emultiple. Furthermore, from the Bland–Altman plot, good precision and agreement between the two approaches were demonstrated. In summary, the proposed approach with a single-frequency vibrator and a force sensor showed its feasibility for measuring time-varying wall elastances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Sensors)
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Article
Characterization and Monitoring of Titanium Bone Implants with Impedance Spectroscopy
Sensors 2020, 20(16), 4358; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164358 - 05 Aug 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 684
Abstract
Porous titanium is a metallic biomaterial with good properties for the clinical repair of cortical bone tissue, although the presence of pores can compromise its mechanical behavior and clinical use. It is therefore necessary to characterize the implant pore size and distribution in [...] Read more.
Porous titanium is a metallic biomaterial with good properties for the clinical repair of cortical bone tissue, although the presence of pores can compromise its mechanical behavior and clinical use. It is therefore necessary to characterize the implant pore size and distribution in a suitable way. In this work, we explore the new use of electrical impedance spectroscopy for the characterization and monitoring of titanium bone implants. Electrical impedance spectroscopy has been used as a non-invasive route to characterize the volumetric porosity percentage (30%, 40%, 50% and 60%) and the range of pore size (100–200 and 355–500 mm) of porous titanium samples obtained with the space-holder technique. Impedance spectroscopy is proved to be an appropriate technique to characterize the level of porosity of the titanium samples and pore size, in an affordable and non-invasive way. The technique could also be used in smart implants to detect changes in the service life of the material, such as the appearance of fractures, the adhesion of osteoblasts and bacteria, or the formation of bone tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Sensors)
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Article
Anomaly Detection Using Electric Impedance Tomography Based on Real and Imaginary Images
Sensors 2020, 20(7), 1907; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071907 - 30 Mar 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 875
Abstract
This research offers a method for separating the components of tissue impedance, namely resistance and capacitive reactance. Two objects that have similar impedance or low contrast can be improved through separating the real and imaginary images. This method requires an Electrical Impedance Tomography [...] Read more.
This research offers a method for separating the components of tissue impedance, namely resistance and capacitive reactance. Two objects that have similar impedance or low contrast can be improved through separating the real and imaginary images. This method requires an Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) device. EIT can obtain potential data and the phase angle between the current and the potential measured. In the future, the device is very suitable for imaging organs in the thorax and abdomen that have the same impedance but different resistance and capacitive reactance. This device consists of programmable generators, Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS), mulptiplexer-demultiplexer potential meters, and phase meters. Data collecting was done by employing neighboring, while reconstruction was used the linear back-projection method from two different data frequencies, namely 10 kHz and 100 kHz. Phantom used in this experiment consists of distillated water and a carrot as an anomaly. Potential and phase data from the device is reconstructed to produce impedance, real, and imaginary images. Image analysis is performed by comparing the three images to the phantom. The experimental results show that the device is reliable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Sensors)
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Review

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Review
Wireless Technologies for Implantable Devices
Sensors 2020, 20(16), 4604; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164604 - 16 Aug 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1348
Abstract
Wireless technologies are incorporated in implantable devices since at least the 1950s. With remote data collection and control of implantable devices, these wireless technologies help researchers and clinicians to better understand diseases and to improve medical treatments. Today, wireless technologies are still more [...] Read more.
Wireless technologies are incorporated in implantable devices since at least the 1950s. With remote data collection and control of implantable devices, these wireless technologies help researchers and clinicians to better understand diseases and to improve medical treatments. Today, wireless technologies are still more commonly used for research, with limited applications in a number of clinical implantable devices. Recent development and standardization of wireless technologies present a good opportunity for their wider use in other types of implantable devices, which will significantly improve the outcomes of many diseases or injuries. This review briefly describes some common wireless technologies and modern advancements, as well as their strengths and suitability for use in implantable medical devices. The applications of these wireless technologies in treatments of orthopedic and cardiovascular injuries and disorders are described. This review then concludes with a discussion on the technical challenges and potential solutions of implementing wireless technologies in implantable devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Sensors)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: review
Authors: Richard Trohman
Affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States
Abstract: Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is defined as the inability of to increase heart rate commensurate with increased activity or demand. CI results in exercise intolerance and reduces quality-of-life. Cardiac pacing remains the only effective treatment for chronic, symptomatic bradycardia. Although highly effective, cardiac pacing alone may be insufficient to address exercise intolerance, fatigue or dyspnea on exertion. Rate-responsive (adaptive) pacing employs sensors to detect physical or physiological indices and mimic the response of the normal sinus node. This review will discuss the development, strengths and limitations of a variety of sensors that have been used to address chronotropic incompetence. In addition, we will discuss special sensor applications used to respond prophylactically to physiologic signals. Before proceeding, it is important to review some basics of exercise physiology in order to understand the pathophysiologic consequences, options and limitations of current therapy.

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