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UAV-Enabled Multi-Sensor Fusion and Intelligent Perception

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2027 | Viewed by 439

Editors


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Guest Editor

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Navigation and Logistic, Polish Air Force University, 08-521 Dęblin, Poland
Interests: GPS; GLONASS; Galileo; SBAS; GBAS; accuracy; EGNOS; aircraft position; GNSS satellite positioning; accuracy analysis; elements of exterior orientation; UAV positioning; UAV orientation; UAV navigation; flight parameters of UAV
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid evolution of unmanned systems is transforming a wide range of civilian and industrial applications. Unmanned vehicles operating in aerial, ground, surface, and underwater environments are increasingly employed in tasks including, but not limited to, environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, infrastructure inspection, autonomous transportation, search and rescue, surveillance, and industrial automation. This technological advancement is supported by recent progress in embedded electronics, energy-efficient computing platforms, communication technologies, and sensing devices.

In this context, sensors and multi-sensor systems play a crucial role in enabling perception, navigation, localization, monitoring, and decision-making capabilities. Modern unmanned platforms integrate heterogeneous sensing technologies, and the fusion of data from multiple sensors, together with advances in artificial intelligence, is opening new opportunities for autonomous operation in dynamic environments. At the same time, several challenges remain, including sensor calibration, synchronization, uncertainty management, robustness, cybersecurity, energy efficiency, real-time processing, and reliable operation in harsh conditions.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to sensors, sensing systems, multi-sensor fusion, and intelligent perception for unmanned systems and autonomous platforms. We consider original research articles and review papers addressing theoretical developments, experimental studies, practical applications, and emerging technologies in this field.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Sensors and sensing systems for unmanned vehicles;
  • Sensor fusion techniques;
  • AI-based sensing and signal processing;
  • Navigation and localization systems;
  • SLAM and VO techniques;
  • Embedded sensing and edge computing;
  • Wireless sensor networks for unmanned systems;
  • Cooperative sensing and swarm systems;
  • Autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance;
  • LiDAR, radar, vision, and hyperspectral sensing;
  • Sensor calibration and uncertainty evaluation;
  • GNSS-denied navigation techniques;
  • Cybersecurity and safety for unmanned platforms;
  • Precision agriculture;
  • Industrial inspection and infrastructure monitoring;
  • Marine and underwater sensing systems.

Dr. Francesco Picariello
Dr. Kamil Krasuski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • unmanned vehicles
  • sensor fusion
  • sensors for navigation
  • autonomous navigation
  • sensor calibration
  • unmanned vehicles-based monitoring applications
  • AI for unmanned vehicles

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

31 pages, 17935 KB  
Article
Feasibility and Operational Limits of a Minimum-Cost Indirect UAV Thermal Sensing Workflow Based on Smartphone-Displayed Infrared Video
by Yordan Stoyanov, Atanasi Tashev, Silviya Salapateva, Penko Mitev, Dimitar Yankov, Galya Hristova and Galin Tihanov
Sensors 2026, 26(13), 4259; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26134259 - 4 Jul 2026
Viewed by 324
Abstract
Professional UAV thermal imaging systems are widely used for inspection, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, agriculture, and technical diagnostics. However, their cost limits their use in education, preliminary field screening, rapid prototyping, and low-resource applications. This study evaluates a minimum-cost indirect UAV thermal [...] Read more.
Professional UAV thermal imaging systems are widely used for inspection, environmental monitoring, search and rescue, agriculture, and technical diagnostics. However, their cost limits their use in education, preliminary field screening, rapid prototyping, and low-resource applications. This study evaluates a minimum-cost indirect UAV thermal sensing workflow based on a DJI Mini 4K consumer drone, a lightweight Servo King9000 smartphone, and a UTi260M smartphone-connected infrared thermal camera. In the proposed configuration, the smartphone displayed and recorded the thermal stream, while the onboard RGB camera of the UAV recorded the smartphone-displayed infrared video during flight. The aim was not to develop a radiometric UAV thermal imaging platform, but to determine whether such a low-cost configuration can provide qualitative presence/absence indication of clear thermal hotspots and to identify its operational limits. The system was experimentally assessed under no-payload and payload conditions, daylight and nighttime illumination, and several low-altitude operating heights. Additional motor-region thermal observations were performed using a UTi260T handheld thermal camera under loaded and unloaded operating conditions. The complete UAV–payload configuration had a measured mass of approximately 340 g, corresponding to an effective added payload of 91 g and a payload-to-UAV mass ratio of 36.5%. Payload operation reduced near-ground flight endurance from approximately 25 min to 14 min 40 s. The maximum observed motor-region temperature increased from 24.9 °C under unloaded operation to 42.0 °C under loaded operation, while motor thermal asymmetry increased from 4.8 °C to 7.6 °C. Nighttime and low-glare operation improved the readability of the smartphone-displayed thermal stream, with the most practical usability observed at approximately 10–20 m. The results show that the proposed workflow is feasible only for short-range qualitative thermal screening and clear hotspot presence/absence indication. The UAV-recorded video should not be interpreted as direct thermal data, but as an RGB recording of a smartphone display showing thermal information. Therefore, the workflow is not suitable for quantitative temperature measurement, radiometric thermal mapping, or accurate thermal shape delineation. The main operational limits are payload mass, suspended-load oscillation, display readability, reduced endurance, motor-region thermal loading, sensitivity to payload alignment, and the absence of raw radiometric data. Direct UTi260M smartphone-recorded thermal frames were additionally used for pixel-size-assisted qualitative verification of practical reference thermal targets, including a human-sized target and a vehicle-sized target, at selected low-altitude operating heights. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue UAV-Enabled Multi-Sensor Fusion and Intelligent Perception)
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