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IoT-Based Cyber-Physical System: Challenges and Future Direction
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IoT-Based Cyber-Physical System: Challenges and Future Direction

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensor Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2023) | Viewed by 15544

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kleanthis Thramboulidis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Computer Engineering & Informatics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
Interests: industrial engineering and automation; cyber-physical systems; IIoT; system modelling; mechatronics; embedded systems; component and service based development; service oriented architectures
Dr. Panagiotis Katsaros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: formal verification; model-based system/software design; dependability and security; simulation-based performance analysis
Dr. Andreas Komninos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
Interests: mobile HCI; context awareness; ubiquitous computing systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are at the heart of the fourth industrial revolution, i.e., Industry 4.0. The use of IoT technologies as glue for the integration of Cyber-Physical Systems provides new opportunities for the development of more innovative systems and services and presents new challenges in their development and operation.

In this context, rapidly expanding technologies in software engineering, such as microservice architectures, the containerization of services, the management of containerized applications (e.g., Kubernetes), DevOps, machine learning, and process mining, if properly adjusted to the domain of CPSs, may play an important role in theses systems’ development and evolution with respect to addressing the continuously increasing requirements from today's CPSs. Mass customization is an example of a CPS property that may improve from the exploitation of these technologies. Additionally, architectural approaches such as Fog and Edge Computing as well as distributed machine intelligence are required in order to support the massive system scalability required by industrial-scale CPSs. The core concepts of Industry 4.0, such as Digital Twins, Distributed Manufacturing, or the development of Smart Products that actively contribute to the management of their lifecycle, will almost invariably require CPSs to exhibit an unprecedented level of Self-sufficient properties (e.g., self-management, -healing, -organization, -protection, -optimization, -configuration, and -scaling). Human operators will not be capable of actively managing all these systems’ properties; therefore, distributed machine intelligence applied to data visualization and interaction, automation, security, simulation, interoperability, integration, and virtualization will be critical for the success of CPSs.

Industries face the challenge of exploiting these new technologies to improve their position in today’s competitive market. As a supplement for industry-based research, academic research can define, demonstrate, and evaluate new methodologies, approaches, and technologies for the development and operation of these systems.

Therefore, this Special Issue collects original research and review articles on recent advances, methodologies, technologies, applications, and new challenges in the domain of IoT-based Cyber-Physical systems.

Potential topics include:

  • Architectures of Cyber-Physical Systems
  • The industrial Internet of Things
  • Mass customization exploiting IoT
  • Microservices in cyber-physical systems
  • Cyber-physical microservices
  • Containers for cyber-physical systems
  • Exploiting microservice management technology (e.g., Kubernetes) in cyber-physical systems
  • DevOps for cyber-physical systems
  • Learning-enabled cyber-physical systems
  • Cyber-physical process mining
  • CPS safety and security
  • The model-based design of CPSs
  • The verification and validation of CPSs
  • Digital Twins
  • Human–Computer Interaction in CPSs

Prof. Dr. Kleanthis Thramboulidis
Dr. Panagiotis Katsaros
Dr. Andreas Komninos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cyber-Physical systems (CPSs);
  • internet of Things (IoT);
  • microservices;
  • cyber-Physical microservices;
  • containers;
  • Kubernetes;
  • DevOps;
  • learning-enabled CPSs;  
  • process mining;
  • mass customization

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7282 KiB  
Article
Towards Topology-Free Programming for Cyber-Physical Systems with Process-Oriented Paradigm
by Vladimir E. Zyubin, Natalia O. Garanina, Igor S. Anureev and Sergey M. Staroletov
Sensors 2023, 23(13), 6216; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23136216 - 7 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1819
Abstract
The paper proposes a topology-free specification of distributed control systems by means of a process-oriented programming paradigm. The proposed approach was characterized, on the one hand, by a topologically independent specification of the control algorithm and, on the other hand, by the possibility [...] Read more.
The paper proposes a topology-free specification of distributed control systems by means of a process-oriented programming paradigm. The proposed approach was characterized, on the one hand, by a topologically independent specification of the control algorithm and, on the other hand, by the possibility of using existing formal verification methods by preserving the semantics of a centralized process-oriented program. The paper discusses the advantages of a topologically independent specification of distributed control systems, outlines the features of control software, argues why the use of a process-oriented approach to the development of the automation of cyber-physical systems is suitable for solving these problems, describes a general scheme for implementing a distributed control system according to a process-oriented specification, and proposes a formal heuristic algorithm for partitioning a sequential process-oriented program into independent clusters. We illustrate our algorithm with bottle-filling and sluice case studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT-Based Cyber-Physical System: Challenges and Future Direction)
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30 pages, 3518 KiB  
Article
Traceable Security-by-Design Decisions for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) by Means of Function-Based Diagrams and Security Libraries
by Sarah Fluchs, Emre Taştan, Tobias Trumpf, Alexander Horch, Rainer Drath and Alexander Fay
Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5547; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125547 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3914
Abstract
“Security by design” is the term for shifting cybersecurity considerations from a system’s end users to its engineers. To reduce the end users’ workload for addressing security during the systems operation phase, security decisions need to be made during engineering, and in a [...] Read more.
“Security by design” is the term for shifting cybersecurity considerations from a system’s end users to its engineers. To reduce the end users’ workload for addressing security during the systems operation phase, security decisions need to be made during engineering, and in a way that is traceable for third parties. However, engineers of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) or, more specifically, industrial control systems (ICSs) typically neither have the security expertise nor time for security engineering. The security-by-design decisions method presented in this work aims to enable them to identify, make, and substantiate security decisions autonomously. Core features of the method are a set of function-based diagrams as well as libraries of typical functions and their security parameters. The method, implemented as a software demonstrator, is validated in a case study with the specialist for safety-related automation solutions HIMA, and the results show that the method enables engineers to identify and make security decisions they may not have made (consciously) otherwise, and quickly and with little security expertise. The method is also well suited to make security-decision-making knowledge available to less experienced engineers. This means that with the security-by-design decisions method, more people can contribute to a CPS’s security by design in less time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT-Based Cyber-Physical System: Challenges and Future Direction)
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26 pages, 5857 KiB  
Article
Design and Implementation of an Open-Source SCADA System for a Community Solar-Powered Reverse Osmosis System
by Sheikh Usman Uddin, Mirza Jabbar Aziz Baig and Mohammad Tariq Iqbal
Sensors 2022, 22(24), 9631; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249631 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 9149
Abstract
Design and implementation of an open-source-based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for a community solar-powered reverse osmosis are presented in this paper. A typical SCADA system available on the market is proprietary and has a high initial and maintenance cost. Aside [...] Read more.
Design and implementation of an open-source-based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for a community solar-powered reverse osmosis are presented in this paper. A typical SCADA system available on the market is proprietary and has a high initial and maintenance cost. Aside from that, there is no SCADA system with an alert system available to give users updates and status information concerning the system. The objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive SCADA design that takes advantage of open-source technology to address the world’s most pressing problem, access to clean water. The designed reverse Osmosis system also uses renewable energy-based power sources. In this system, all data is stored and analyzed locally, which ensures the data is secure and allows the user to make data-driven decisions based on the collected data. Among the main components of this system are the field instrument devices (FIDs), the remote terminal unit (RTU), the main terminal units (MTUs), the web-based programming software, and the data analytics software. The Node-Red programming and dashboard tool, Grafana for data analytics, and InfluxDB for database management run on the main terminal unit having Debian operating system. Data is transmitted from the FIDs to the RTU, which then redirects it to the MTU via serial communication. Node-Red displays the data processed by the MTU on its dashboard as well, as the data is stored locally on the MTU and is displayed by means of Grafana, which is also installed on the same MTU. Through the Node-Red dashboard, the system is controlled, and notifications are sent to the community. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT-Based Cyber-Physical System: Challenges and Future Direction)
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