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Earthquake Disaster Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Image Processing and Geophysical...
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Earthquake Disaster Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Image Processing and Geophysical Techniques

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4448

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sambit Prasanajit Naik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Active Fault and Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Research Institute, Pukyong National University, Busan, Nam-gu, Yongso-ro, 45, Busan, Korea
Interests: paleoseismology; active tectonics; liquefaction mapping; ground response analysis; dynamic soil properties
Dr. Young-Seog Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Active Fault and Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Research Institute, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Yongso-ro, 45, Busan, Korea
Interests: earthquake; seismic; structural geology; paleoseismology
Dr. Abdelrahman Khalifa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11651 Cairo, Egypt
Interests: active tectonics; structural geology; tectonic geomorphology; remote sensing; geospatial analysis
Dr. Debasis D. Mohanty

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Geoscience and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
Interests: seismology and structure; seismic tomography; tectonics and geodynamics; seismic anisotropy; integrated geophysics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The continuous threat of earthquake events makes the constant and meticulous monitoring of tectonic processes a necessity for earthquake hazard reduction and mitigation. For earthquake hazard related investigations, the use of remote sensing and geophysical tools is an established methodological element. Mapping and detecting the earthquake source, and post-earthquake damage mapping using remote sensing and geophysical techniques, plays a significant role in earthquake disaster risk estimations and managements. In recent times, advances in geophysical and remote sensing techniques have elevated the efficiency of earthquake disaster mapping and prediction.

Numerous techniques have been deployed to study the primary and secondary earthquake effects alongside monitoring the earthquake hazards and tectonics such as: LiDAR and UAV DEMs, for mapping the fault and surface rupture for remote areas; a Terrestrial Laser Scanner used to understand the geometry, kinematics, and slip rate of the faults; seismic microzonation, for potential hazard mapping; and frequency–magnitude correlation (b-value), for probabilistic earthquake scenario and hazard estimations. InSAR/DinSAR, in particular, is now an essential tool for mapping the tectonic deformation pattern for large to moderate magnitude earthquakes and their environmental effects. Similarly, seismic anisotropy and attenuation studies are always instrumental in understanding the crustal and mantle scale deformation and attenuation patterns, leading towards the assessment of present-day tectonism and hazard potentials. Several advanced geophysical tools, such as GPR (terrestrial as well as drone GPR), MASW, and ERT, have been used to map the subsurface structures, such as active fault traces/zones, liquefaction features for recent as well as paleo-earthquakes. This made it possible for involved scientists and researchers to acquire and analyze adequate information and disseminate the data to the scientific community, the disaster management authorities, and the public living in the hazard prone areas.

In this Special Issue, we are focusing on the application of remote sensing and geophysical techniques and tools to anything from earthquake disaster monitoring using its spatial distribution, coseismic surface rupture and environmental effects mapping, characterization of fault structures, fault slip-rates, as well as overall tectonic processes from diverse tectonic settings.  Consequently, multiscale approaches or studies focused on remote sensing and geophysical techniques for earthquake hazard monitoring, and predictions are welcome. Articles may address, but are not limited, to the following topics:

  • Tectonic processes leading to earthquake hazards;
  • Earthquake surface deformation and ground effects;
  • Seismic hazard assessment;
  • Case studies and lessons learned from historical earthquakes;
  • Earthquake induced landslides and related hazards;
  • Geodesy in connection hazard estimations;
  • Ground deformation and liquefaction;
  • Disaster vulnerability, hazard, and risk assessment and management;
  • Prevention and prediction of earthquake disasters;
  • Geophysical application for fault zone mapping;
  • Geophysical exploration for earthquake ground effects mapping;
  • Deep earth mechanics and deformation to understand hazard scenarios.

Dr. Sambit Prasanajit Naik
Dr. Young-Seog Kim
Dr. Abdelrahman Khalifa
Dr. Debasis D. Mohanty
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • earthquake hazard
  • seismic hazard
  • tectonic processes
  • geophysical application
  • hazard mapping
  • LiDAR
  • GPR
  • DEM

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

0 pages, 21940 KiB  
Article
Reconstructing the Geometry of the Yushu Fault in the Tibetan Plateau Using TLS, GPR and Trenching
by Di Zhang, Jiacun Li, Zhonghai Wu and Lili Ren
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(8), 1994; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081994 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1228
Abstract
Although geomorphic evidence and shallow geometry of active faults are significant for the understanding and assessing of fault activity and seismic hazards, it is challenging to acquire high-resolution topographic data and shallow geometry of the Yushu fault by conventional methods. Here, we present [...] Read more.
Although geomorphic evidence and shallow geometry of active faults are significant for the understanding and assessing of fault activity and seismic hazards, it is challenging to acquire high-resolution topographic data and shallow geometry of the Yushu fault by conventional methods. Here, we present a case study to reconstruct the detailed surficial and subsurface geometry of the Yushu fault using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), multi-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) and trenching. TLS was suitable for measuring the high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) topographic data of the fault. GPR surveys with different frequency antennas (25 MHz, 100 MHz, 250 MHz and 500 MHz) were conducted to image the shallow geometry of active faults at different depths and spatial resolutions. The typical groove landscape, parallel to surface traces of the fault, was clearly observed on the TLS-derived data. A ~40 m width narrow fault system and three faults were identified on the different frequency GPR profiles. Furthermore, faults F1 and F2 were supposed to be boundary faults but were sinistral-lateral strike-slip faults with a normal component, while fault F3 was inferred as the secondary fault. The western trench section, despite the limited investigation depth (~2 m), was well consistent with the 500 MHz GPR result, especially in the location of fault F2. Finally, a 3D surficial and subsurface model was established from the TLS-derived data and GPR data offering multi-sensor and multi-view spatial data to characterize and understand the fault’s kinematics and characteristics. In addition, the shallow geometry of the fault on the GPR results would be better interpreted with the help of the corresponding surficial data. The study results demonstrate that a combination of TLS, multi-frequency GPRs and trenching can be successfully used for reconstructing a detailed surficial and subsurface geometry of the Yushu fault. It will play an increasing role in comprehensive understanding and assessing fault behavior and seismic hazards, especially on the Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Disaster Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Image Processing and Geophysical Techniques)
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18 pages, 6709 KiB  
Article
TEC Anomalies Detection for Qinghai and Yunnan Earthquakes on 21 May 2021
by Yingbo Yue, Hannu Koivula, Mirjam Bilker-Koivula, Yuwei Chen, Fuchun Chen and Guilin Chen
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(17), 4152; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14174152 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1717
Abstract
Earthquake prediction by using total electron content is a commonly used seismic research method. The long short-term memory model is a kind of method to predict time series and has been used for the prediction of total electron content, and the relative power [...] Read more.
Earthquake prediction by using total electron content is a commonly used seismic research method. The long short-term memory model is a kind of method to predict time series and has been used for the prediction of total electron content, and the relative power spectrum method is one of the pre-seismic infrared anomaly detection algorithms in the frequency domain. In this paper, a new method combining these two algorithms is used to extract abnormal signals; thus scientists can more easily detect anomalies of total electron content similar to those before the Qinghai and Yunnan earthquakes happened on 21 May 2021. There are pre-seismic anomalies with the high-value relative power spectrum near two epicenters. To validate the correlation between anomalies and earthquakes statistically, the spatiotemporal characteristics of TEC anomalies are analyzed based on connected region recognition. Then, the proportion of earthquake-related anomalies (the correlation rate), the proportion of earthquakes outside the predicted range (the miss rate), and the ratio of the proportion of earthquakes within the predicted range to the spatiotemporal occupancy of anomalies, which is called the probability gain, were used to assess the method. The appropriate parameters of the algorithm for the miss rate below 50% were searched. The highest probability gain is 1.91, which means anomalies of total electron content may decrease the uncertainty of earthquake prediction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Disaster Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Image Processing and Geophysical Techniques)
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