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Remote Sensing
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Advanced Multi-GNSS Positioning and Its Applications in Geoscience
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Advanced Multi-GNSS Positioning and Its Applications in Geoscience

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2025 | Viewed by 2004

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: multi-GNSS precise point positioning; multi-sensor integrated positioning; atmospheric modeling; deformation monitoring
Dr. Yize Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
Interests: GNSS precise point positioning; GNSS ambiguity resolution; GNSS bias estimation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xuexi Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: multi-GNSS precise point positioning and bias estimation; satellite orbit determination and clock offset estimation; estimation of Earth rotation parameters
Dr. Xiangdong An

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: array PPP-RTK; integrated positioning and attitude determination; GNSS and its multi-source fusion
Prof. Dr. Junping Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
Interests: GNSS data analysis including POD; clock analysis; SBAS; PPP; PPP-RTK; LEO augmentation; reference frame and geodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid development of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), nowadays, multi-frequency and multi-constellation GNSSs represented by BDS and Galileo have played an irreplaceable role in the field of geoscience, including earthquake warning, geodynamics, meteorology, and deformation monitoring. Although real-time kinematic positioning (RTK), precise point positioning (PPP), and PPP-RTK have the ability to provide a centimeter- or millimeter-level positioning accuracy, they are easily affected by observation environments, resulting in insufficient stability, continuity, and credibility of positioning. Meanwhile, due to their high equipment costs, it is difficult to target consumer-level mass users. To further expand the application scenarios of multi-GNSSs in geoscience and achieve industrialization, new theories, models, and methods need to be urgently proposed.

This Special Issue of Remote Sensing aims to collect papers on the advanced algorithms for multi-GNSS high-precision positioning, multi-sensor integrated data processing, and their applications in geoscience. We welcome both theoretical and applied research contributions that cover the following aspects:

(1) Multi-GNSS RTK, PPP, PPP-AR, and PPP-RTK;

(2) Multi-GNSS and pseudolite/low Earth orbiter (LEO) integrated positioning;

(3) Multi-GNSS and multi-sensor integrated positioning using affordable equipment;

(4) Monitoring of ionospheric irregularities, scintillation, and disturbance based on the multi-GNSS;

(5) Retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and atmosphere mean temperature using multi-GNSSs;

(6) Surface deformation monitoring such as seismic displacements and mining subsidence using multi-GNSSs.

Dr. Ahao Wang
Dr. Yize Zhang
Dr. Xuexi Liu
Dr. Xiangdong An
Prof. Dr. Junping Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multi-GNSS
  • multi-sensor fusion
  • low-cost GNSS receivers
  • low Earth orbiter (LEO)
  • real-time kinematic (RTK)
  • precise point positioning (PPP)
  • atmospheric modeling
  • surface deformation monitoring
  • ionospheric irregularities analysis
  • GNSS geoscience applications

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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21 pages, 10437 KiB  
Article
A Continuous B2b-PPP Model Considering Interruptions in BDS-3 B2b Orbits and Clock Corrections as Well as Signal-in-Space Range Error Residuals
by Rui Shang, Zhenhao Xu, Chengfa Gao, Xiaolin Meng, Wang Gao and Qi Liu
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(4), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17040618 - 11 Feb 2025
Viewed by 452
Abstract
In 2020, BDS-3 began broadcasting high-precision positioning correction products through B2b signals, effectively addressing the limitations of ground-based augmentation. However, challenges such as the “south wall effect” from geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, issues of data (IOD) mismatch, and signal priority conflicts often result [...] Read more.
In 2020, BDS-3 began broadcasting high-precision positioning correction products through B2b signals, effectively addressing the limitations of ground-based augmentation. However, challenges such as the “south wall effect” from geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, issues of data (IOD) mismatch, and signal priority conflicts often result in interruptions and anomalies during real-time positioning with the B2b service. This paper proposes a continuous B2b-PPP (B2b signal-based Precise Point Positioning) model that incorporates signal-in-space range error (SISRE) residuals and predictions for B2b orbits and clock corrections to achieve seamless, high-precision continuous positioning. In our experiments, we first analyze the characteristics of B2b SISRE for both BDS-3 and GPS. We then evaluate the positioning accuracy of several models, B2b-PPP, EB2b-PPP, PB2b-PPP, EB2bS-PPP, and PB2bS-PPP, through simulated and real dynamic experiments. Here, ‘E’ indicates the direct utilization of the previous observation corrections from B2b before the signal interruption, ‘P’ represents B2b prediction products, and ‘S’ signifies the incorporation of the SISRE residuals. The results show that EB2b-PPP exhibits significant deviations as early as 10 min into a B2b signal interruption. Both PB2b-PPP and EB2bS-PPP demonstrate comparable performances, with PB2bS-PPP emerging as the most effective method. Notably, in real dynamic experiments, PB2bS-PPP maintains positioning accuracy in the E/N directions like B2b-PPP, even after 40 min of signal interruption, ensuring continuous and stable positioning upon signal restoration. This achievement significantly enhances the capability for high-precision continuous positioning based on B2b signals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Multi-GNSS Positioning and Its Applications in Geoscience)
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20 pages, 12169 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Advantages of Multi-GNSS Ionosphere-Weighted Single-Frequency Precise Point Positioning in Regional Ionospheric VTEC Modeling
by Ahao Wang, Yize Zhang, Junping Chen, Hu Wang, Xuexi Liu, Yihang Xu, Jing Li and Yuyan Yan
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(6), 1104; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17061104 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 226
Abstract
Although the traditional Carrier-to-Code Leveling (CCL) method can provide ideal slant total electron content (STEC) observables for establishing ionospheric models, it must rely on dual-frequency (DF) receivers, which results in high hardware costs. In this study, an ionosphere-weight (IW) single-frequency (SF) precise point [...] Read more.
Although the traditional Carrier-to-Code Leveling (CCL) method can provide ideal slant total electron content (STEC) observables for establishing ionospheric models, it must rely on dual-frequency (DF) receivers, which results in high hardware costs. In this study, an ionosphere-weight (IW) single-frequency (SF) precise point positioning (PPP) method for extracting STEC observables is proposed, and multi-global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-integrated processing is adopted to improve the spatial resolution of the ionospheric model. To investigate the advantages of this novel method, 41 European stations are used to establish the regional ionospheric model, and both low- and high-solar-activity conditions are considered. The results show that the IW SFPPP-derived regional ionospheric model has a significantly better quality of vertical total electron content (VTEC) than the CCL method when using the final global ionospheric map (GIM) as a reference, especially in areas with sparse monitoring stations. Compared with the CCL method, the RMS VTEC accuracy of the IW SFPPP method can be improved by 17.4% and 12.7% to 1.09 and 2.83 total electron content unit (TECU) in low- and high-solar-activity periods, respectively. Regarding GNSS carrier-phase-derived STEC variation (dSTEC) as the reference, the dSTEC accuracy of the IW SFPPP method is comparable to that of the CCL method, and its RMS values are about 1.5 and 2.8 TECU in low- and high-solar-activity conditions, respectively. This indicates that the proposed method using SF-only observations can achieve the same external accord accuracy as the CCL method in regional ionospheric modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Multi-GNSS Positioning and Its Applications in Geoscience)
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35 pages, 5803 KiB  
Review
High Precision Navigation and Positioning for Multisource Sensors Based on Bibliometric and Contextual Analysis
by Jiayi Wei, Min Song and Yunbin Yuan
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(7), 1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17071136 - 22 Mar 2025
Viewed by 385
Abstract
With the increasing demand for high-precision positioning, integrated navigation technology has become a key approach to achieving accurate and reliable location tracking in modern intelligent mobile platforms. While previous studies have explored the application of various sensor combinations, there is still a lack [...] Read more.
With the increasing demand for high-precision positioning, integrated navigation technology has become a key approach to achieving accurate and reliable location tracking in modern intelligent mobile platforms. While previous studies have explored the application of various sensor combinations, there is still a lack of systematic analysis regarding the integration of the four major sensors: GNSS, INS, vision, and LiDAR. This study analyzes 5193 academic articles published between 2000 and 2024 in the Web of Science database, employing bibliometric analysis, network analysis, and content analysis to evaluate the development and application of these four sensors in integrated navigation systems. By reviewing the evolution of integrated navigation technology, the study examines four typical integration modes: GNSS/INS, INS/visual, GNSS/INS/visual, and GNSS/INS/visual/LiDAR, discussing their complementarity, fusion algorithm optimization, and emerging application scenarios. Despite significant progress in improving navigation accuracy and environmental adaptability, challenges persist in sensor cooperation and real-time processing capabilities in complex environments. The study concludes by summarizing existing research findings and identifying gaps, with future research focusing on optimizing multisensor fusion algorithms, enhancing system adaptability, improving error models, and enhancing sensor performance in adverse environmental conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Multi-GNSS Positioning and Its Applications in Geoscience)
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