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Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Contaminants of Emerging...
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Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wastewater

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 14076

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Jose Martin de Vidales

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Design Engineering Department, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28012 Madrid, Spain
Interests: wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation processes; photocatalytic processes; electrochemical processes; removal of contaminants of emerging concern from water and wastewater; scaling-up of wastewater treatments; coupling of different advanced oxidation processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Miguel Martín Sómer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
Interests: wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation processes; photocatalytic processes; removal of contaminants of emerging concern from water and wastewater; water disinfection; waste minimization and water reuse; energy minimization in photocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yeray Asensio Ramírez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IMDEA ENERGY Institute, University of Alcalá, 28801 Madrid, Spain
Interests: wastewater treatment; advanced oxidation processes; microbial cells; removal of contaminants of emerging concern from water and wastewater; water disinfection; electrochemical processes; scaling-up of wastewater treatments; coupling of different advanced oxidation processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, society has become concerned with the presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in water and wastewater, because they cannot be easily removed by conventional treatments and, even at low concentrations, can entail problems for public health such as disorders in endocrine and neurological systems, reproductive capabilities, and the hormonal control or various types of cancer (breast, ovary, prostate, testes, etc.). Thus, if conventional treatments performed in municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) fail to completely remove them from wastewater, it is necessary to look for alternative treatments. In this context, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as photocatalytic processes, electrochemical processes, ozonation, Fenton, etc. are considered as a good option for the treatment of wastewater polluted with CECs, because they are a very efficient technology for the removal of a great variety of organic pollutants thanks to the massive generation of hydroxyl radicals and many other mediated oxidants produced at high concentrations on the anode surface. The robustness and high efficiency of this approach has been checked in many works for the treatment of water and wastewater polluted with different organic compounds, and now scientific effort is focused on its application for the removal of CECs. Thus, this Special Issue seeks to publish interesting research works that demonstrate high-efficiency AOPs for the treatment of water and wastewater polluted with CECs. Authors with expertise in these topics are invited to submit their original manuscripts and review articles to Processes.

Dr. Maria Jose Martin de Vidales
Dr. Miguel Martín Sómer
Dr. Yeray Asensio Ramírez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
  • contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)
  • wastewater treatment
  • photocatalytic processes
  • electrochemical processes
  • ozonation
  • Fenton
  • photoFenton

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2645 KiB  
Article
Magnetite and Hematite in Advanced Oxidation Processes Application for Cosmetic Wastewater Treatment
by Piotr Marcinowski, Dominika Bury, Monika Krupa, Dominika Ścieżyńska, Prasanth Prabhu and Jan Bogacki
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111343 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4168
Abstract
Wastewater from a cosmetic factory, with an initial total organic carbon (TOC) of 146.4 mg/L, was treated with Fe2O3/Fe0/H2O2, Fe3O4/Fe0/H2O2, light/Fe2O [...] Read more.
Wastewater from a cosmetic factory, with an initial total organic carbon (TOC) of 146.4 mg/L, was treated with Fe2O3/Fe0/H2O2, Fe3O4/Fe0/H2O2, light/Fe2O3/Fe0/H2O2, and light/Fe3O4/Fe0/H2O2 processes. The light-supported processes were more effective than the lightless processes. The fastest TOC removal was observed during the first 15 min of the process. Out of the four tested kinetic models, the best fit was obtained for the modified second-order reaction with respect to the TOC value. The best treatment efficiency was obtained for the light/Fe3O4/Fe0/H2O2 process with 250/750 mg/L Fe3O4/Fe0 reagent doses, a 1:1 hydrogen peroxide to Chemical Oxygen Demand (H2O2/COD) mass ratio, and a 120 min process time. These conditions allowed 75.7% TOC removal to a final TOC of 35.52 mg/L and 90.5% total nitrogen removal to a final content of 4.9 mg/L. The five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5/COD) ratio was increased slightly from 0.124 to 0.161. Application of Head Space Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) analysis allows for the detection and identification of 23 compounds contained in the raw wastewater. The identified compounds were eliminated during the applied process. The HS-SPME-GC-MS results confirmed the high efficiency of the treatment processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wastewater)
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13 pages, 3240 KiB  
Article
On the Degradation of 17-β Estradiol Using Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes
by Sandra Maldonado, Manuel Rodrigo, Pablo Cañizares, Gabriela Roa, Carlos Barrera, Javier Ramirez and Cristina Sáez
Processes 2020, 8(6), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8060710 - 19 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2684
Abstract
This work focuses on the evaluation of the degradation of 17β-estradiol in a mixture of synthetic urine and methanol, trying to determine in which conditions the hormone can be more easily degraded than the urine compounds. This is in the frame of an [...] Read more.
This work focuses on the evaluation of the degradation of 17β-estradiol in a mixture of synthetic urine and methanol, trying to determine in which conditions the hormone can be more easily degraded than the urine compounds. This is in the frame of an overall study in which the pre-concentration stage with adsorption/desorption technology is evaluated to improve electrolysis efficiency. Results show that this pollutant can be efficiently removed from mixtures of urine/methanol by electrolysis with diamond electrodes. This removal is simultaneous with the removal of uric acid (used as a model of natural pollutants of urine) and leads to the formation of other organic species that behave as intermediates. This opens the possibility of using a concentration strategy based on the adsorption of pollutants using granular activated carbon and their later desorption in methanol. Despite methanol being a hydroxyl radical scavenger, the electrolysis is found to be very efficient and, in the best case, current charges lower than 7 kAh·m−3 were enough to completely deplete the hormone from urine. Increases in the operation current density lead to faster but less efficient removal of the 17β-estradiol, while increases in the operation flowrate do not markedly affect the efficiency in the removal. Degradation of 17β-estradiol is favored with respect to that of uric acid at low current densities and at high flowrates. In those conditions, direct oxidation processes on the surface of the anode are encouraged. This means that these direct processes can have a higher influence on the degradability of the hazardous species and opens the possibility for the development of selective oxidation processes, with a great economic impact on the degradation of the hazardousness of hospitalary wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wastewater)
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15 pages, 2621 KiB  
Article
Electrolytic Oxidation as a Sustainable Method to Transform Urine into Nutrients
by Nasr Bensalah, Sondos Dbira, Ahmed Bedoui and Mohammad I. Ahmad
Processes 2020, 8(4), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040460 - 14 Apr 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2415
Abstract
In this work, the transformation of urine into nutrients using electrolytic oxidation in a single-compartment electrochemical cell in galvanostatic mode was investigated. The electrolytic oxidation was performed using thin film anode materials: boron-doped diamond (BDD) and dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The transformation of [...] Read more.
In this work, the transformation of urine into nutrients using electrolytic oxidation in a single-compartment electrochemical cell in galvanostatic mode was investigated. The electrolytic oxidation was performed using thin film anode materials: boron-doped diamond (BDD) and dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The transformation of urine into nutrients was confirmed by the release of nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) ions during electrolytic treatment of synthetic urine aqueous solutions. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) during electrolytic treatment confirmed the conversion of organic pollutants into biocompatible substances. Higher amounts of NO3− and NH4+ were released by electrolytic oxidation using BDD compared to DSA anodes. The removal of COD and TOC was faster using BDD anodes at different current densities. Active chlorine and chloramines were formed during electrolytic treatment, which is advantageous to deactivate any pathogenic microorganisms. Larger quantities of active chlorine and chloramines were measured with DSA anodes. The control of chlorine by-products to concentrations lower than the regulations require can be possible by lowering the current density to values smaller than 20 mA/cm2. Electrolytic oxidation using BDD or DSA thin film anodes seems to be a sustainable method capable of transforming urine into nutrients, removing organic pollution, and deactivating pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wastewater)
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Review

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14 pages, 817 KiB  
Review
Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Composite in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Aqueous Organic Pollutants Removal: A Review
by Yu Shen, Antonio J. Dos santos-Garcia and María José Martín de Vidales
Processes 2021, 9(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9010066 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4212
Abstract
In recent decades, a growing number of organic pollutants released have raised worldwide concern. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has drawn increasing attention in environmental pollutants removal thanks to its unique electronic band structure and excellent physicochemical stability. This paper [...] Read more.
In recent decades, a growing number of organic pollutants released have raised worldwide concern. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has drawn increasing attention in environmental pollutants removal thanks to its unique electronic band structure and excellent physicochemical stability. This paper reviews the recent progress of g-C3N4-based composites as catalysts in various advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including chemical, photochemical, and electrochemical AOPs. Strategies for enhancing catalytic performance such as element-doping, nanostructure design, and heterojunction construction are summarized in detail. The catalytic degradation mechanisms are also discussed briefly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wastewater)
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