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Journals
Processes
Special Issues
New Research on Adsorbent Materials in Environmental Protection
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New Research on Adsorbent Materials in Environmental Protection

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 November 2025 | Viewed by 4788

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Meiry Gláucia Freire Rodrigues

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Development Laboratory of New Materiais, Federal University of Campina Grande, Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-970, Brazil
Interests: nanotechnology; catalysis; green chemistry, petroleum and petrochemicals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The investigation into adsorbent materials for environmental protection is robust, fueled by mounting concerns about pollution and the urgent need for sustainable solutions. These versatile materials are applied across various environmental applications, spanning water and air purification, wastewater treatment, and the remediation of contaminated sites. Recent advancements and emerging trends in this field encompass a wide array of nanomaterials, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides, and various nanocomposites. Researchers are also exploring renewable and biodegradable materials as adsorbents, such as agricultural waste, cellulose-based materials, chitosan, and biochar. Composite materials are gaining attention for their synergistic effects and improved performance. For example, combining activated carbon with polymers or metal nanoparticles can enhance adsorption efficiency and provide selectivity toward specific pollutants. Moreover, with the increasing recognition of emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and microplastics, there is a growing emphasis on the development of adsorbents capable of effectively eliminating these contaminants from the environment.

Prof. Dr. Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia Freire
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adsorbent
  • nanomaterials
  • bio-based adsorbents
  • composite materials
  • regeneration and reusability
  • application in emerging pollutants
  • environmental protection

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7125 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Optimization of Steel Slag-Desulfurization Gypsum Composites Based on Interception of Arsenic-Contaminated Water at the Ground Surface
by Yunyun Li, Yubo Sun, Wentao Hu, Dongfang Wang, Dongxu Wu, Wen Ni and Shanshan Yang
Processes 2025, 13(4), 1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041033 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 301
Abstract
Based on the characteristics and effective components of steel slag and desulfurization gypsum, a new type of permeable reactive material was prepared by combining steel slag and desulfurization gypsum, and a simulation experiment of arsenic- and antimony-contaminated groundwater remediation was carried out. A [...] Read more.
Based on the characteristics and effective components of steel slag and desulfurization gypsum, a new type of permeable reactive material was prepared by combining steel slag and desulfurization gypsum, and a simulation experiment of arsenic- and antimony-contaminated groundwater remediation was carried out. A combination of X-ray fluorescent, BGRIMM Process Mineralogy Analyzing System (BPMA), ICP-MS, and SEM-EDS detection and analysis methods was used to investigate the effects of steel slag particle size, desulfurization gypsum particle size, steel slag and desulfurization gypsum ratio, and steel slag-desulfurization gypsum mixed test block particle size on the performance of the permeable reactive wall to remove arsenic and antimony. The results show that a permeable reactive wall composed of steel slag (−4.75 + 1.18 mm) and desulfurization gypsum (−13.2 + 9.5 mm) in a 4:1 ratio achieved removal rates of 91.85% for As and 90.58% for Sb, reducing their concentrations below the drinking water standard. The purpose of using steel slag and desulfurization gypsum to intercept heavy metals and toxic ions in surface runoff was achieved. Arsenic was adsorbed, physically encapsulated, and lattice solidified by C-S-H gel. This research provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for the storage of steel slag and desulfurization gypsum while addressing heavy metal pollution in groundwater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Adsorbent Materials in Environmental Protection)
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19 pages, 4380 KiB  
Article
Valorization of Bauxite Residue for Use as Adsorbent for Reactive Blue Removal: Regeneration Evaluation
by Tatiane Maria do Nascimento, Francimarcio Geraldo da Silva Gambarra and Meiry Gláucia Freire Rodrigues
Processes 2025, 13(1), 251; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010251 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 799
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing concern regarding the widespread occurrence of dyes in aquatic environments, due to their harmful effects on both water quality and human health. This investigation uses bauxite residue as a cost-effective sorbent to eradicate the hazardous reactive [...] Read more.
In recent years, there has been increasing concern regarding the widespread occurrence of dyes in aquatic environments, due to their harmful effects on both water quality and human health. This investigation uses bauxite residue as a cost-effective sorbent to eradicate the hazardous reactive blue (RB) dye from aqueous solutions. The reusability potential of bauxite residue was also evaluated. The bauxite residue was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Cation Exchange Capacity, Chemical analysis, FTIR, and Analysis of particle size and particle distribution. The RB dye adsorption parameters revealed that the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity of bauxite residue was 100% and 186.01 mg/g, respectively, under the following adsorption conditions: adsorbent dosage of 0.5 mg/L, initial pH of 2, dye concentration of 50 mg/g, and reaction temperature of 25 °C. Furthermore, the adsorption of RB dye on bauxite residue followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models. After one adsorption cycle, the adsorption capacity of bauxite residue for reactive RB removal reached 186.01 mg/g. The regeneration study revealed that the bauxite residue remained 99% of its original condition following the water regeneration cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Adsorbent Materials in Environmental Protection)
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16 pages, 7460 KiB  
Article
Stability of CO2 Capture by Lithium Orthosilicate Under Various Conditions and the Presence of SO2
by Dien-Yi Wu, Birgitta Narindri Rara Winayu and Hsin Chu
Processes 2025, 13(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13010041 - 27 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 592
Abstract
Investigating effective sorbent materials in the CO2 sorption process is crucial. Lithium-based sorbents combine high carbon capture efficiency with excellent mechanical stability. Lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) was prepared for the CO2 capture test in this study with a [...] Read more.
Investigating effective sorbent materials in the CO2 sorption process is crucial. Lithium-based sorbents combine high carbon capture efficiency with excellent mechanical stability. Lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) was prepared for the CO2 capture test in this study with a variety of variables, including the sorbent calcination temperature, space velocity, operation temperature, and water vapor and SO2 concentrations. Several analyses were used in the characterization of the spent and fresh sorbents. Additionally, the CO2 sorption reaction kinetics were investigated using deactivation models. The sorbent with the best utilization value was obtained via calcining Li4SiO4 at 700 °C for five hours. Li4SiO4 demonstrated exceptional stability in the 600–800 °C temperature and 1200–6000 mL/h/g space velocity ranges. The performance of the sorbent was not significantly affected by the water vapor content up to 10%. Nevertheless, further increasing the water vapor stream drastically declined its performance due to water masking on the sorbent’s surface. Similar sorption trends were demonstrated by Li4SiO4 in all SO2 content setups. The Type I deactivation model was well fitted to the experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Adsorbent Materials in Environmental Protection)
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22 pages, 14278 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Potential of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate—Lignocellulose/Carbon Nanotube–Graphene Nanosheets an Efficient Extractor for Oil Spill
by Wafaa Alhassani, Basma G. Alhogbi, Mahmoud A. Hussein and M. S. El-Shahawi
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2437; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112437 - 5 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1317
Abstract
The global challenge of oil spill treatment has been addressed using nanocomposite-based natural fibers. These materials offer great potential in oil spill cleanup and are considered due to their environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and low cost. Thus, the current study reports a novel [...] Read more.
The global challenge of oil spill treatment has been addressed using nanocomposite-based natural fibers. These materials offer great potential in oil spill cleanup and are considered due to their environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and low cost. Thus, the current study reports a novel composite fabricated from date palm fiber (DPF) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) with a proper combination of a mixture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanosheets (GNSs) for oil removal. The established nanocomposite (DPF-rPET/CNT/GNS) was fabricated via physical mixing of various quantities (0.9, 0.8, and 0.7 g) of PET, along with varying loads of DPF at different proportions of CNT:GNS. The prepared nanocomposite (DPF-rPET/CNT/GNS) was fully characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. In static experiments and under the optimal parameters of pH, sorbent doze, shaking time, and quantity of diesel oil), the established sorbent (DPF-rPET/CNT-GNS nanocomposite) displayed excellent adsorption capacity (98 mg/g). This study also expands the utility of the sorbent for the reusability of the oil adsorption, maintaining performance after five cycles. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99 and maximum adsorption capacity of 99.7 mg/g, indicating monolayer adsorption. Additionally, the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, with an R2 near unity and an adsorption capacity of 99.09 mg/g. This study highlights the promising potential of the DPF-rPET/CNT-GNS composite as an effective adsorbent for treating oily water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Adsorbent Materials in Environmental Protection)
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23 pages, 4933 KiB  
Article
Design of Oil Mist and Volatile-Organic-Compound Treatment Equipment in the Manufacturing Plant
by Chengguo Fu, Weiwei He, Qianfen Wang, Yuhao Li, Hui Yang, Haibo Li, Ting Chen, Yaqi Zhang, Ming Yu and Yuguang Wang
Processes 2024, 12(9), 2050; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12092050 - 23 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1302
Abstract
To effectively confront the acute challenge of global warming, at the present stage, the Chinese government has designated carbon reduction as the core objective to accomplish the coordinated control of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. As China is a major manufacturing country, with [...] Read more.
To effectively confront the acute challenge of global warming, at the present stage, the Chinese government has designated carbon reduction as the core objective to accomplish the coordinated control of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. As China is a major manufacturing country, with the continuous improvement of air emission standards, it is particularly necessary to carry out the design of more efficient volatile organic pollutant emission devices. This study takes a treatment system with a waste gas ventilation volume of 6 × 104 m3·h−1 as an example, adopts the end treatment approach of adsorption and catalytic combustion coupling, and designs a purification device composed of multistage oil-mist recovery, electrostatic adsorption, dry filtration, activated-carbon adsorption and desorption, catalytic combustion, etc. It also employs the fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative fine temperature control algorithm, and the temperature overshoot was decreased by 85%. The average emission concentration of volatile organic compounds at the equipment outlet is 6.56 mg·m−3, and the average removal rate is 93.99%, far surpassing the national emission standards. The device operates efficiently and stably, confirming that the end-coupled treatment system based on the adaptive fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative temperature control strategy can effectively handle volatile organic compounds with oil mist and holds significant promotion and research value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Research on Adsorbent Materials in Environmental Protection)
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