AI-Based Modelling and Control of Power Systems

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "AI-Enabled Process Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 5998

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for the Future of Knowledge, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Interests: power system; smart grid; renewable energy integration; energy management; hybrid energy

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Guest Editor
Department of Software Engineering, Istanbul Topkapi University, Istanbul, Turkey
Interests: power system; smart grid; renewable energy integration

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran
Interests: power system; smart grid; renewable energy integration

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue is under the supervision of The Power Electrical Developing Advanced Research (PEDAR) Group.

Scope: This Special Issue will explore the integration of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), deep learning, and machine learning, into the field of power electronics. This Special Issue will focus on AI-driven solutions for detecting and mitigating cyber-attacks, optimizing control systems, and implementing advanced control strategies. We invite contributions that explore the innovative applications of AI in power electronic systems, including control strategies, optimization techniques, and integration with renewable energy sources.

Introduction: The rapid evolution of power electronics technologies has led to significant advancements in energy management and control systems. As these systems become increasingly complex and interconnected, the demand for robust cybersecurity measures, sophisticated control strategies, and optimization techniques has grown. Artificial intelligence, including ANNs, deep learning, and machine learning, provides powerful tools to address these challenges, enhancing system performance and resilience. This Special Issue will highlight innovative approaches that leverage AI to improve power electronics systems. The focus will be on optimizing control strategies, detecting and mitigating cyber threats, and advancing various control methodologies. By bridging the gap between power electronics and AI, this Special Issue will contribute to the development of more secure, efficient, and adaptive systems.

Objectives:

  1. Showcase Cutting-Edge Research: Present the latest advancements in applying artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to power electronics, with a particular focus on enhancing control systems and optimization strategies.
  2. Explore Cybersecurity Solutions: Investigate novel AI-driven methods for detecting and mitigating cyber-attacks. This includes exploring techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), deep learning, and machine learning for improved cybersecurity in power electronic systems.
  3. Highlight Advanced Control Strategies: Demonstrate recent developments in control strategies and their integration with AI. Key areas of interest include the following:
  • Model Predictive Control (MPC): For dynamic optimization and real-time control;
  • Adaptive Control: Techniques for adjusting control parameters in response to changing system conditions;
  • Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL): Applying reinforcement learning to optimize decision-making and control;
  • Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) with AI Integration: Enhancing fuzzy logic controllers with AI for improved adaptability;
  • Robust Control with AI Techniques: Using AI to enhance robustness and resilience in control systems;
  • Distributed Control Systems: Innovations in decentralized control approaches and their integration with AI.
  1. Investigate Optimization Methods: Examine advanced optimization techniques to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of power electronic systems and control strategies. This includes the following:
  • Multi-Objective Optimization: Balancing multiple conflicting objectives in system design and operation;
  • Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms: Utilizing techniques like genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization for complex problems;
  • Convex Optimization: Applying convex programming methods for optimal system design;
  • Dynamic Programming: Solving optimization problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems;
  • Stochastic Optimization: Incorporating randomness to handle uncertainties in system parameters;
  • Hybrid Optimization Methods: Combining different optimization techniques to leverage their strengths;
  • Machine Learning-Based Optimization: Using machine learning to model and optimize complex systems;
  • Robust Optimization: Ensuring solutions remain effective under varying conditions and uncertainties;
  • Evolutionary Strategies: Applying evolutionary algorithms inspired by biological processes for system optimization.
  1. Foster Collaboration: Encourage collaboration between researchers and practitioners in the fields of power electronics, AI, optimization, and cybersecurity. Promote the exchange of ideas and advancements to drive innovation and practical applications.

Suggested Topics for the Special Issue:

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Areas of study may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Advanced Research on AI Applications in Power Electronics
  • Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs): Applications in the design and control of power electronic systems;
  • Deep Learning: Utilization for modeling and predicting the behavior of power electronic systems;
  • Machine Learning: Use in optimizing and self-tuning control systems.
  • Novel Methods for Detecting and Mitigating Cyber Attacks Using AI
  • ANN for Cybersecurity: Techniques for detecting and countering threats and intrusions in control systems;
  • Deep Learning for Attack Detection: Advanced methods for identifying and responding to cyber-attacks in power electronics;
  • Machine Learning Approaches: Development of sophisticated defense mechanisms against cyber threats.
  • Advanced Control Strategies and Their Integration with AI
  • Model Predictive Control (MPC): Applications for real-time optimization and dynamic control;
  • Adaptive Control: Techniques for adjusting control parameters based on varying system conditions;
  • Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL): Optimization of decision-making and control strategies using DRL;
  • Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) with AI Integration: Enhancements to fuzzy logic controllers through AI techniques;
  • Robust Control with AI Techniques: Improving robustness and resilience in control systems using AI;
  • Distributed Control Systems: Innovations in decentralized control approaches and their integration with AI.
  • Optimization Methods to Enhance Efficiency and Effectiveness
  • Multi-Objective Optimization: Balancing multiple conflicting objectives in system design and operation;
  • Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms: Techniques like genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization for complex problems;
  • Convex Optimization: Using convex programming methods for optimal system design;
  • Dynamic Programming: Breaking down optimization problems into simpler subproblems for solutions;
  • Stochastic Optimization: Incorporating randomness to handle uncertainties in system parameters;
  • Hybrid Optimization Methods: Combining various optimization techniques to leverage their strengths;
  • Machine Learning-Based Optimization: Leveraging machine learning for modeling and optimizing complex systems;
  • Robust Optimization: Ensuring solutions are effective under varying conditions and uncertainties;
  • Evolutionary Strategies: Applying evolutionary algorithms for system optimization inspired by biological processes.

Call for Papers: Authors are invited to submit original research articles, review papers, and case studies that align with the scope of this Special Issue. Manuscripts should be submitted through the MDPI submission system, adhering to the journal’s guidelines.

Dr. Mohammad Reza Maghami
Dr. Javad Rahebi
Dr. Mehdi Zareian Jahromi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power system

  • smart grid
  • renewable energy integration

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

40 pages, 25757 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System-Based Static Synchronous Compensator for Managing Abnormal Conditions in Real-Transmission Network in Middle Egypt
by Ahmed A. Zaki Diab, Saleh Al Dawsari, Ibram Y. Fawzy, Ahmed M. Elsawy and Ayat G. Abo El-Magd
Processes 2025, 13(3), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030745 - 4 Mar 2025
Viewed by 627
Abstract
This paper examines the deployment of a 25 MVA Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) to improve voltage stability in a real 66 kV 525 MVA transmission network in the Middle Egypt Electricity Zone. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to assess the performance of the [...] Read more.
This paper examines the deployment of a 25 MVA Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) to improve voltage stability in a real 66 kV 525 MVA transmission network in the Middle Egypt Electricity Zone. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to assess the performance of the STATCOM in both normal and fault conditions, including single-phase and three-phase faults. The STATCOM regulates the voltage by adjusting it within ±10% of the nominal value and is connected to a shunt with the bus B11. Four control strategies are implemented: a proportional–integral (PI) controller, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and an FLC combined with a supercapacitor. FLCs outperform PI controllers in maintaining voltage stability; however, they exhibit limitations regarding their responsiveness to dynamic changes within the network. The findings demonstrate that the STATCOM enhances the voltage and current stability compared to the system without this component. The ANFIS controller demonstrates optimal performance characterized by minimal waveform fluctuations. Under standard conditions, a single STATCOM integrated with an ANFIS elevates the bus voltages to 100.382% (B10) and 101.953% (B11), surpassing the performance of the FLC (100.314% and 101.246%) and the FLC–supercapacitor combination (100.326% and 101.392%). The deployment of two STATCOM units alongside an ANFIS improves the voltage levels to 102.122% (B10) and 102.200% (B11). The findings demonstrate that the AN-FIS-controlled STATCOM enhances system performance under normal operating conditions, voltage source fluctuations, and fault scenarios. The deployment of two STATCOM units, each rated at 25 MVA and controlled by an ANFIS, significantly enhances voltage stability compared to a single unit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Modelling and Control of Power Systems)
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19 pages, 5488 KiB  
Article
Insulator-YOLO: Transmission Line Insulator Risk Identification Based on Improved YOLOv5
by Nan Zhang, Jingyi Su, Yang Zhao and Hua Chen
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2552; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112552 - 15 Nov 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 923
Abstract
This study introduces an innovative method for detecting risks in transmission line insulators by developing an optimized variant of YOLOv5, named Insulator-YOLO. The model addresses key challenges in small-defect detection, complex backgrounds, and computational efficiency. By incorporating GhostNetV2 in the backbone to streamline [...] Read more.
This study introduces an innovative method for detecting risks in transmission line insulators by developing an optimized variant of YOLOv5, named Insulator-YOLO. The model addresses key challenges in small-defect detection, complex backgrounds, and computational efficiency. By incorporating GhostNetV2 in the backbone to streamline feature extraction and introducing SE and CBAM attention mechanisms, the model enhances its focus on critical features. The Bibi-directional Feature feature Pyramid pyramid Network network (BiFPN) is applied to enhance multi-scale feature fusion, and the integration of CIoU and NWD loss functions optimizes bounding box regression, achieving higher accuracy. Additionally, focal loss mitigates the imbalance between positive and negative samples, leading to more accurate and robust defect detection. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that Insulator-YOLO significantly improves detection accuracy and efficiency in real-world power line insulator defects, providing a reliable solution for maintaining the integrity of transmission systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Modelling and Control of Power Systems)
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23 pages, 5395 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Method Based on Corrected Kinetic Energy and Statistical Calculation for Real-Time Transient Stability Evaluation
by Mehran Keivanimehr, Mehdi Zareian Jahromi, Harold R. Chamorro, Mohammad Reza Mousavi Khademi, Elnaz Yaghoubi, Elaheh Yaghoubi and Vijay K. Sood
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2409; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112409 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1121
Abstract
This paper proposes an innovative transient stability index (TSI) designed to enhance the real-time assessment of power system stability. The TSI integrates a corrected kinetic energy approach with a modified equal area criterion, offering a novel methodology for evaluating transient stability margins in [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an innovative transient stability index (TSI) designed to enhance the real-time assessment of power system stability. The TSI integrates a corrected kinetic energy approach with a modified equal area criterion, offering a novel methodology for evaluating transient stability margins in power systems. Unlike traditional methods, the proposed TSI operates without relying on post-fault data, making it particularly suitable for online applications. A structure-preserving model is utilized to represent the power network, accounting for key factors such as controller behavior during transient events. Additionally, a new statistical classification method is introduced to efficiently determine the individual contribution of generators to the overall system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through comprehensive case studies on IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 39-bus systems. The simulation results confirm that the proposed method provides accurate, real-time insights into the transient stability margins of power systems, demonstrating its practical advantages in both analysis and operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Modelling and Control of Power Systems)
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33 pages, 8912 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Control of Thermal Synchronous Generators for Cyber-Physical Security: Addressing Oscillations with ANFIS
by Ahmed Khamees and Hüseyin Altınkaya
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2345; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112345 - 25 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1126
Abstract
This paper introduces a novel real-time ANFIS controller, specifically designed for thermal synchronous generators, to mitigate the risks associated with cyber-physical attacks on power systems. The controller integrates the dynamic model of the turbine’s thermomechanical components, such as the boiler and heat transfer [...] Read more.
This paper introduces a novel real-time ANFIS controller, specifically designed for thermal synchronous generators, to mitigate the risks associated with cyber-physical attacks on power systems. The controller integrates the dynamic model of the turbine’s thermomechanical components, such as the boiler and heat transfer processes, within the synchronous generator. In contrast to previous studies, this model is designed for practical implementation and addresses often-overlooked areas, including the interaction between electrical and thermomechanical components, real-time control responses to cyber-physical attacks, and the incorporation of economic considerations alongside technical performance. This study takes a comprehensive approach to filling these gaps. Under normal conditions, the proposed controller significantly improves the management of industrial turbines and governors, optimizing existing control systems with a particular focus on minimizing generation costs. However, its primary innovation is its ability to respond dynamically to local and inter-area power oscillations triggered by cyber-physical attacks. In such events, the controller efficiently manages the turbines and governors of synchronous generators, ensuring the stability and reliability of power systems. This approach introduces a cutting-edge thermo-electrical control strategy that integrates both electrical and thermomechanical dynamics of thermal synchronous generators. The novelty lies in its real-time control capability to counteract the effects of cyber-physical attacks, as well as its simultaneous consideration of economic optimization and technical performance for power system stability. Unlike traditional methods, this work offers an adaptive control system using ANFIS (Adaptive NeuroFuzzy Inference System), ensuring robust performance under dynamic conditions, including interarea oscillations and voltage deviations. To validate its effectiveness, the controller undergoes extensive simulation testing in MATLAB/Simulink, with performance comparisons against previous state-of-the-art methods. Benchmarking is also conducted using IEEE standard test systems, including the IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 39-bus networks, to highlight its superiority in protecting power systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Modelling and Control of Power Systems)
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38 pages, 4495 KiB  
Article
Coordination of Renewable Energy Integration and Peak Shaving through Evolutionary Game Theory
by Jian Sun, Fan Wu, Mingming Shi and Xiaodong Yuan
Processes 2024, 12(9), 1995; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12091995 - 16 Sep 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1046
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing the coordination between renewable energy generation enterprises and power grid companies using evolutionary game theory. The research focuses on resolving conflicts and distributing benefits between these key stakeholders in the context of large-scale renewable energy [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing the coordination between renewable energy generation enterprises and power grid companies using evolutionary game theory. The research focuses on resolving conflicts and distributing benefits between these key stakeholders in the context of large-scale renewable energy integration. A theoretical model based on replicator dynamics is developed to simulate and analyze the evolutionary stable strategies of power generation enterprises and grid companies with particular emphasis on peak shaving services and electricity bidding. These simulations are based on theoretical models and do not incorporate real-world data directly, but they aim to replicate scenarios that reflect realistic behaviors within the electricity market. The model is validated through dynamic simulation under various scenarios, demonstrating that the final strategic choices of both thermal power and renewable energy enterprises tend to evolve towards either high-price or low-price bidding strategies, significantly influenced by initial system parameters. Additionally, this study explores how the introduction of peak shaving compensation affects the coordination process and stability of renewable energy integration, providing insights into improving grid efficiency and enhancing renewable energy adoption. Although the results are simulation-based, they are designed to offer practical recommendations for grid management and policy development, particularly for the integration of renewable energies such as wind power in competitive electricity markets. The findings suggest that effective government regulation, alongside well-designed compensation mechanisms, can help establish a balanced interest distribution between stakeholders. By offering a clear framework for analyzing the dynamics of renewable energy integration, this work provides valuable policy recommendations to promote cooperation and stability in electricity markets. This study contributes to the understanding of the complex interactions in the electricity market and offers practical solutions for enhancing the integration of renewable energy into the grid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Based Modelling and Control of Power Systems)
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