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Processes
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Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Treatment
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Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Treatment

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 1970

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zhiyong Luo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
Interests: advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment; applications of ferrate(VI) in water and wastewater treatment; formation, fate, and degradation of toxic organic pollutants; determination of trace substances

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the global growth of agriculture and industry, there has been an increasing public concern about environmental contamination. Meanwhile, increasingly stringent pollutant emission regulations are being established by various countries. Therefore, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed as an eco-friendly and efficient method for treating pollutants because they are all characterized by the same feature—the production of highly reactive species including hydroxyl radicals, hydroperoxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen. Recently, new advancements have been achieved in the application of AOPs for the degradation of pollutants.

This Special Issue on “Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Treatment” focuses on the latest novel advances in the development and application of AOPs, containing Fenton, Fenton-like, photo-assisted Fenton, sonolysis, ozonation, combined ultrasonic–ozone treatment, combined ozone/UV processes, ozone combined with peroxymonosulfate, ferrate (VI, V, and IV) technology, permanganate oxidation, photocatalysis, nanotechnology, ionizing radiation technology, UV/H2O2, electrochemical oxidation, and other related oxidation processes. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Reaction mechanisms involved in AOPs;
  • Applications of AOPs in wastewater treatment;
  • New technologies and methodologies in AOPs;
  • Optimization of AOPs;
  • Environmental impact of AOPs;
  • Formation, fate, and toxicity of emerging contaminants.

Dr. Zhiyong Luo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
  • oxidative degradation
  • water and wastewater treatment
  • ferrates (VI, V, and IV)
  • photocatalysis
  • degradation pathway
  • reaction kinetics and mechanism

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2351 KiB  
Article
Scalability and Performance of Iron–Carbon Micro-Electrolysis with Hydrogen Peroxide for Textile Wastewater Treatment
by Hongxiu Lu, Meng Wang, Wei Cui and He Zhang
Processes 2025, 13(4), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13040970 - 25 Mar 2025
Viewed by 276
Abstract
This study assesses iron–carbon micro-electrolysis coupled with hydrogen peroxide for removing organic pollutants from secondary sedimentation tank effluent. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 11 major pollutants, with thiophene and palmitic acid being predominant, contributing significantly to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) due [...] Read more.
This study assesses iron–carbon micro-electrolysis coupled with hydrogen peroxide for removing organic pollutants from secondary sedimentation tank effluent. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 11 major pollutants, with thiophene and palmitic acid being predominant, contributing significantly to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) due to their stability and molecular sizes. Iron–carbon micro-electrolysis showed notable degradation of thiophene and indole, though it was less effective for other organics. The combined process enhanced the degradation efficiency, hydrolyzing >85% of esters into less toxic alcohols, yet palmitic acid remained largely undegraded. The combined treatment process (influent pH 3.5, H2O2 dose 170 mg/L) improved degradation, converting most esters to alcohols and reducing environmental impacts, yet palmitic acid remained largely undegraded. A 35-day pilot test under optimal conditions achieved an average COD removal rate of 57%. The study concludes that the combined process has potential for complex pollutant degradation but requires further optimization for better efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Treatment)
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27 pages, 2628 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Electrocatalytic Ozonation Process for Hydroxyl Radical Production
by Evan Chatfield and Bassim Abbassi
Processes 2025, 13(3), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030784 - 7 Mar 2025
Viewed by 702
Abstract
This paper seeks to evaluate the effect of reaction parameters on iron electrolysis-catalyzed ozonation (ECO) performance as a promising approach for micropollutant removal. ECO is proposed to be an environmentally and economically suitable technology for the removal of biologically recalcitrant organics in wastewater. [...] Read more.
This paper seeks to evaluate the effect of reaction parameters on iron electrolysis-catalyzed ozonation (ECO) performance as a promising approach for micropollutant removal. ECO is proposed to be an environmentally and economically suitable technology for the removal of biologically recalcitrant organics in wastewater. In this process, iron ions generated via electrolysis of low-carbon steel react with dissolved ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals. The removal of tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA) was selected as a performance indicator based on its significant resistance to direct ozonation compared to hydroxyl radicals, such that TBA removal denotes catalytic breakdown of ozone. TBA removal was measured with an HS-SPME-GC-MS method for precise quantification. ECO performance ranged from 7 to 77% TBA removal (from 0.73 mM initial concentration), varying depending on the tested levels of initial pH of 5, 7, and 9, applied current between 0.065 and 0.470 A, and ozone supply rate between 3.9 and 6.4 g/h. Performance was generally increased by pH, applied current, and ozone generation, converging at high applied current rates. The most efficient use of ozone was observed at pH 9 and 0.323 A, removing 32.2% of TBA per gram of ozone supplied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Treatment)
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13 pages, 5454 KiB  
Article
NaOH-Enhanced Wet Air Oxidation of Municipal Sludge for High-Quality Carbon Source Production
by Kaiyu Fang, Yang Tong, Guodong Yao, Ningzheng Zhu, Limin Jin, Yangyuan Zhou and Jianfu Zhao
Processes 2025, 13(2), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13020341 - 26 Jan 2025
Viewed by 606
Abstract
Many volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are produced after wet air oxidation, which could be a potential carbon source. In this study, we investigated the impact of NaOH on the removal of hazardous organics and the changes in the produced carbon source. The total [...] Read more.
Many volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are produced after wet air oxidation, which could be a potential carbon source. In this study, we investigated the impact of NaOH on the removal of hazardous organics and the changes in the produced carbon source. The total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal rates decreased to 47.9% and 55.3% with 51.6% NaOH addition. The removal rates of total suspended solids (82–85%) and volatile suspended solids (97–99%) remained stable under all conditions. Additionally, the concentrations of acetic acid and isovaleric acid increased with a high pH value. Fluorescent substances closely related to aromatic protein and fulvic acid-like substances were identified and degraded significantly with the addition of NaOH. Moreover, 41.3% NaOH addition (initial pH 13.0) could yield a VFAs/SCOD ratio of 30.5%, demonstrating the good biocompatibility of the carbon source. The effect of the nitrogen element was also considered, with the ratio of the 5-day biological oxygen demand to the total nitrogen being 7.2, indicating that the oxidation solution could provide an abundant carbon source. Thus, the sludge-derived carbon source is suitable to supply biological treatment units for municipal wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Oxidation Processes for Waste Treatment)
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