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Processes
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New Trends in Hydrodynamics of Industrial Processes: Energy Efficiency and...
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New Trends in Hydrodynamics of Industrial Processes: Energy Efficiency and Optimization

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 1137

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sergio Alejandro Martínez Delgadillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Av. San Pablo No. 420 Col. Nueva el Rosario, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Mexico City C.P. 02128, Mexico
Interests: modeling and simulation; CFD; mixing; reactors; photocatalysis; wastewater treatment
Dr. Alejandro Alonzo-Garcia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
SECIHTI, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Nuevo León, Av. Eloy Cavazos No. 2001, Colonia Tolteca, Guadalupe C.P. 67160, NL, Mexico
Interests: CFD; porous media; turbulent flow; laminar flow; processes; mixing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Several types of industrial processes are carried out in aqueous media. Understanding local flow patterns at different temporal and spatial scales is important for technologies for contaminant removal; efficient mixing; mass transfer in stirred tanks, reactors, bioreactors, and photoreactors; and porous media. The hydrodynamic phenomena involved in these processes seek to increase efficiency, reduce energy consumption and its environmental impact, and lower operating costs.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation is a tool that has been widely used because of its advantages in reducing cost and experimental time.

This technique is combined with experimental methods, such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), which have been used to validate the models used in CFD.

In this sense, this Special Issue aims to present the different advances made so far in the production processes of chemical and biological products, as well as the removal of pollutants by biological, chemical, and photocatalytic processes in aqueous media. It also aims to present to the scientific community the progress achieved with the different geometries of impellers, deflectors, and other devices used in reactors to intensify processes with low energy consumption. In addition, some work will be presented that is relevant to the processes that take place in porous media, which can now be fabricated in a controlled manner using various additive manufacturing technologies, and which present the particular challenge of being difficult to study using some traditional experimental techniques.

Based on the above, researchers are invited to submit their recent results on the above-mentioned topics.

Prof. Dr. Sergio Alejandro Martínez Delgadillo
Dr. Alejandro Alonzo-Garcia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • mixing
  • reactors
  • photocatalysis
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • wastewater treatment
  • porous media

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 4696 KiB  
Article
Treatment of Pharmaceutical Effluent Using Ultrasound-Based Advanced Oxidation for Intensified Biological Oxidation
by Akshara M. Iyer, Aditya V. Karande and Parag R. Gogate
Processes 2025, 13(4), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13041191 - 15 Apr 2025
Viewed by 268
Abstract
The current work investigates the intensification process of the biological oxidation (BO) of a pharmaceutical effluent using ultrasound (US)-based pretreatment methods. US, in combination with chemical oxidants, like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Fenton, potassium persulphate (KPS), and peroxone, was used [...] Read more.
The current work investigates the intensification process of the biological oxidation (BO) of a pharmaceutical effluent using ultrasound (US)-based pretreatment methods. US, in combination with chemical oxidants, like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Fenton, potassium persulphate (KPS), and peroxone, was used as a pretreatment technique to enhance the efficacy of BO, as BO alone could only bring about 16.67% COD reduction. The application of US under the optimized conditions of a 70% duty cycle, 120W of power, pH 2, and at a 30 °C temperature resulted in 12.3% COD reduction after 60 min, whereas its combination with oxidants at optimized loadings resulted in a higher COD reduction of 20% for H2O2 (2000 ppm), 23.08% for Fenton (1:1 Fe:H2O2), and 30.77% for the US + peroxone approach (400 mg/h of ozone with 2000 ppm H2O2). The pretreated samples did not produce any toxic by-products, as confirmed by a toxicity analysis using the agar well diffusion method. A cow-dung-based sludge was acclimatised specifically for use in BO. The treatment time for BO was set to 8 h, and the US + peroxone-pretreated samples showed a maximum overall COD reduction of 60%, which is about three times that observed with only BO. This work clearly demonstrates the enhancement of the biodegradation of a complex recalcitrant pharmaceutical effluent using a US-based pretreatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Hydrodynamics of Industrial Processes: Energy Efficiency and Optimization)
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19 pages, 5221 KiB  
Article
Thermal Performance and Entropy Generation of Unsteady Natural Convection in a Trapezoid-Shaped Cavity
by Md. Mahafujur Rahaman, Sidhartha Bhowmick and Suvash C. Saha
Processes 2025, 13(3), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030921 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 335
Abstract
In this study, a numerical investigation of unsteady natural convection heat transfer (HT) and entropy generation (EG) is performed within a trapezoid-shaped cavity containing thermally stratified water. The cavity’s bottom wall is heated, the sloped walls are thermally stratified, and the top wall [...] Read more.
In this study, a numerical investigation of unsteady natural convection heat transfer (HT) and entropy generation (EG) is performed within a trapezoid-shaped cavity containing thermally stratified water. The cavity’s bottom wall is heated, the sloped walls are thermally stratified, and the top wall is cooled. The finite volume (FV) method is employed to solve the governing equations. This study uses a Prandtl number (Pr) of 7.01 for water, an aspect ratio (AR) of 0.5, and Rayleigh numbers (Ra) varying between 10 and 106. To examine the flow behavior within the cavity, various relevant parameters are determined for different Ra values. These parameters include streamline and isotherm contours, temperature time series, limit point and limit cycle analysis, average Nusselt number (Nu) at the heated walls, average entropy generation (Eavg), and average Bejan number (Beavg). It is found that the flow transitions from a steady symmetrical state to a chaotic state as the Ra value increases. During this transition, three bifurcations occur. The first is a pitchfork bifurcation between Rayleigh numbers of 9 × 104 and 105, followed by a Hopf bifurcation between Rayleigh numbers of 105 and 2 × 105. Finally, another bifurcation occurs, shifting the flow from periodic to chaotic between Rayleigh numbers of 4 × 105 and 5 × 105. The present study shows an increase in Eavg of 94.97% between Rayleigh numbers of 103 and 106, while the rate of increase in Nu is 81.13%. The findings from this study will enhance understanding of the fluid flow phenomena in a trapezoid-shaped cavity filled with stratified water. The current numerical results are compared and validated against previously published numerical and experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Hydrodynamics of Industrial Processes: Energy Efficiency and Optimization)
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