Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Post-modification and Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 18092

Special Issue Editor

James Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-514, USA
Interests: polymers; conducting polymers; supramolecular polymers; photochemistry; functional materials; pharmaceutical chemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Conducting polymers known as the fourth generation of polymeric materials are one of the most promising and versatile electroactive materials to date. While the potential of this class of materials in technology generation and biocommunication sectors is beyond doubt, their processability and performance hugely depend on the molecular design, synthetic protocols, morphology, and post-modification strategy, among other factors. The synthetic modification and/or post-modification of conducting polymers are made far more challenging because of undesired sacrifices in electronic properties as a result of functionalization or attempts to make them more processable. This Special Issue specifically intends to bring together recent novel approaches along with critical and futuristic discussions to stimulate the synthesis and post-modification strategies of conducting polymers towards better biocommunication, processability, morphology control, and optimal performance.

Dr. Arnab Dawn
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • conducting polymers
  • synthesis
  • grafting
  • post-modification
  • morphology
  • biocommunication
  • processability

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 1924 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Low Band Gap Copolymers Containing Anthracene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal and Structural Studies
by Ary R. Murad, Ahmed Iraqi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Mohammed S. Almeataq, Sozan N. Abdullah and Mohamad A. Brza
Polymers 2021, 13(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13010062 - 25 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2743
Abstract
Two novel low band gap donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers, poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-bis(2-thienyl)-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole-N-5,6-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-DMO) and poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-bis(2-thienyl)-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole-5,6-N-octyl-dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-8) were synthesized in the present work by copolymerising the bis-boronate ester of 9,10-phenylsubstituted anthracene flanked by thienyl groups as electron–donor units with benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic [...] Read more.
Two novel low band gap donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers, poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-bis(2-thienyl)-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole-N-5,6-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-DMO) and poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-bis(2-thienyl)-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole-5,6-N-octyl-dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-8) were synthesized in the present work by copolymerising the bis-boronate ester of 9,10-phenylsubstituted anthracene flanked by thienyl groups as electron–donor units with benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron–acceptor units. Both polymers were synthesized in good yields via Suzuki polymerisation. Two different solubilizing alkyl chains were anchored to the BTDI units in order to investigate the impact upon their solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, structural properties and thermal stability of the resulting polymers. Both polymers have comparable molecular weights and have a low optical band gap (Eg) of 1.66 eV. The polymers have low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of about −5.5 eV as well as the similar lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of −3.56 eV. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of PPADTBTDI-DMO and PPADTBTDI-8 did not prove instability with decomposition temperatures at 354 and 313 °C, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that both polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state, which could be used as electrolytes in optoelectronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Post-modification and Applications)
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7 pages, 3333 KiB  
Article
A New Composite Structure of PEDOT/PSS: Macro-Separated Layers by a Polyelectrolyte Brush
by Keita Yasumoro, Yushi Fujita, Hideki Arimatsu and Takuya Fujima
Polymers 2020, 12(2), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020456 - 16 Feb 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3292
Abstract
Polyethylene dioxythiophene and polyethylene sulfonic acid (PEDOT/PSS) composite is gathering attention as an organic transparent conductive film material. However, it requires a core-shell structure in which conductive PEDOT is covered with insulating PSS. Providing film formability and a carrier to PEDOT, the PSS [...] Read more.
Polyethylene dioxythiophene and polyethylene sulfonic acid (PEDOT/PSS) composite is gathering attention as an organic transparent conductive film material. However, it requires a core-shell structure in which conductive PEDOT is covered with insulating PSS. Providing film formability and a carrier to PEDOT, the PSS shell hinders carrier conduction as an insulating barrier. In this study, we realized that creating a macro-separated PEDOT/PSS composite by using a polyelectrolyte brush substrate and in-situ PEDOT polymerization without the PSS barrier increases durability and conductivity in comparison with commercially available PEDOT/PSS film, achieving a conductivity of 5000–6000 S/cm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Post-modification and Applications)
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7 pages, 1377 KiB  
Communication
Synthesis of Reactive Water-Soluble Narrow-Band-Gap Polymers for Post-Crosslinking
by Hao-xuan Guo, Takehiro Ohashi, Yusuke Imai and Hiroyuki Aota
Polymers 2020, 12(2), 313; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020313 - 03 Feb 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2185
Abstract
In this study, water-soluble, narrow-band-gap polymers containing reactive groups were prepared by the addition-condensation of pyrrole (Pyr), benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (BS), and terephthalaldehydic acid (TPA) or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HB). TPA and p-HB were used for the post-crosslinking reaction between [...] Read more.
In this study, water-soluble, narrow-band-gap polymers containing reactive groups were prepared by the addition-condensation of pyrrole (Pyr), benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid sodium salt (BS), and terephthalaldehydic acid (TPA) or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HB). TPA and p-HB were used for the post-crosslinking reaction between polymers. The polymers were characterized by employing various analyses such as 1H-NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-Vis-NIR. The Eg values of polymers estimated from the absorption edges were 0.55 and 0.62 eV. The post-crosslinking reaction is important for preventing resolubilization and for developing an electron conducting route between the polymer chains. Herein, the post-crosslinked polymer was observed to maintain its narrow-band-gap and conductivity was increased 46 times compared to that observed before crosslinking. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Post-modification and Applications)
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Review

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23 pages, 7665 KiB  
Review
Conducting Polymer Grafting: Recent and Key Developments
by Nabasmita Maity and Arnab Dawn
Polymers 2020, 12(3), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030709 - 23 Mar 2020
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 9308
Abstract
Since the discovery of conductive polyacetylene, conductive electroactive polymers are at the focal point of technology generation and biocommunication materials. The reasons why this research never stops growing, are twofold: first, the demands from the advanced technology towards more sophistication, precision, durability, processability [...] Read more.
Since the discovery of conductive polyacetylene, conductive electroactive polymers are at the focal point of technology generation and biocommunication materials. The reasons why this research never stops growing, are twofold: first, the demands from the advanced technology towards more sophistication, precision, durability, processability and cost-effectiveness; and second, the shaping of conducting polymer research in accordance with the above demand. One of the major challenges in conducting polymer research is addressing the processability issue without sacrificing the electroactive properties. Therefore, new synthetic designs and use of post-modification techniques become crucial than ever. This quest is not only advancing the field but also giving birth of new hybrid materials integrating merits of multiple functional motifs. The present review article is an attempt to discuss the recent progress in conducting polymer grafting, which is not entirely new, but relatively lesser developed area for this class of polymers to fine-tune their physicochemical properties. Apart from conventional covalent grafting techniques, non-covalent approach, which is relatively new but has worth creation potential, will also be discussed. The aim is to bring together novel molecular designs and strategies to stimulate the existing conducting polymer synthesis methodologies in order to enrich its fascinating chemistry dedicated toward real-life applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Post-modification and Applications)
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