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Polymers
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Advances in Research and Preparation of High-Performance Polymer Fibers
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Advances in Research and Preparation of High-Performance Polymer Fibers

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Fibers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2024) | Viewed by 9778

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yumin Xia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, China
Interests: design and synthesis of functional polymers; research and development of high-performance fibers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-performance fibers have been widely used in many industrial applications due to their highly specialized physical properties, including a high tensile strength (and/or modulus), high thermal resistance, flame retardancy, chemical resistance, excellent electrical properties, etc. Their applications include areas such as protective apparel, construction, ocean engineering, aerospace, biomedical and electronics. The most common organic high-mechanical-performance fibers are ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, para-aramid fibers, thermotropic liquid crystal polyester (TLCP) fibers and poly(phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers. They are ideal reinforcement materials for load-bearing and protective applications and are usually used in cables/ropes, parachutes, bullet proof vests, cut-resistant fabrics and ballistic protective armor. Meta-aramid fibers and polyimide (PI) fibers are widely used in fireproof suits and firefighter garments due to their good heat/thermal resistance.

Nowadays, our modern, safe and comfortable lives are supported by these high-performance fibers. Therefore, considering the key roles of high-performance fibers, the editors are pleased to launch this Special Issue and invite researchers to contribute their original research papers and reviews associated with the main topic and title of this Special Issue: “Advances in Research and Preparation of High-Performance Polymer Fibers”.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight recent progress in the fabrication, characterization, investigation of properties, and applications of high-performance polymer fibers.

Selected example topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Innovations in the preparation of high-performance fibers;
  • Characterization of high-performance fibers;
  • Innovative applications of high-performance fibers;
  • High-strength/modulus fibers;
  • Flame-retardant fibers;
  • Heat/thermal resistance fibers;
  • Chemical resistance fibers;
  • New high-performance fiber-based novel synthesis.

Dr. Yumin Xia
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high-performance
  • heat/thermal resistance
  • polymer fiber
  • spinning process
  • modification
  • morphology
  • spinning solution
  • liquid crystal spinning
  • gel spinning
  • drawing processing
  • polymer chain morphology
  • crystalline
  • orientation
  • chemical/thermal stability
  • processing treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 5862 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Self-Curling Melt-Blown Fibers with Crimped Masterbatch (CM) and Its Application for Low-Pressure Air Filtration
by Xiaofang Lin, Minggang Lin, Tan Li, Hao Lu, Huan Qi, Ting Chen, Lili Wu and Chuyang Zhang
Polymers 2023, 15(16), 3365; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163365 - 10 Aug 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2114
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) and airborne viruses pose significant threats to both the environment and public health. As the most viable solution to prevent the inhalation of these pollutants, there is an urgent demand for face masks with excellent filtration efficiency and low-pressure drop. [...] Read more.
Particulate matter (PM) and airborne viruses pose significant threats to both the environment and public health. As the most viable solution to prevent the inhalation of these pollutants, there is an urgent demand for face masks with excellent filtration efficiency and low-pressure drop. In this study, a crimped masterbatch (CM) is added to polypropylene feedstocks to produce curling fibers through melt-blown spinning. These curled fibers exhibit low filtration resistance and effective dust-holding performances when used for air filtration. The effect of adding CM on fiber diameter, pore size, crimp, porosity, roughness, and surface potential was studied. The filtration performance of the materials, including the PM filtration capabilities, recirculation filtration, and loading test performance, were also investigated. The results demonstrate that the degree of fiber crimp can be adjusted by incorporating varying amounts of CM. This curling was caused by the uneven shrinkage that occurred due to variations in thermal contraction between these polymers. The curled fibers created a fluffy structure in the fiber network and modified the distribution of pore sizes within it. Under the same filtration conditions as sodium chloride aerogel, CM–2 (PP:CM 8:2) exhibited similar filtration efficiency (95.54% vs. 94.74%), lower filtration resistance (88.68 Pa vs. 108.88 Pa), higher quality factor (0.035 Pa−1 vs. 0.028 Pa−1) and better dust holding capacity (10.39 g/m2 vs. 9.20 g/m2) compared to CM–0 (PP:CM 10:0). After 30 days of indoor storage, the filtration efficiency of CM–2 remained above 94%. The self-curling melt-blown filtration material developed here could potentially be applied in the field of protective masks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research and Preparation of High-Performance Polymer Fibers)
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18 pages, 5530 KiB  
Article
Implication of Freeze–Thaw Erosion and Mechanism Analysis of High-Performance Aromatic Liquid Crystal Fibers
by Hai Wan, Yanping Wang, Wenbin Jin, Shuohan Huang, Yimin Wang, Yong He, Peng Wei, Yuwei Chen and Yumin Xia
Polymers 2023, 15(9), 2001; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15092001 - 23 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2007
Abstract
According to the demand for high-performance fibers for high-latitude ocean exploration and development, this paper selects representative products of high-performance liquid crystal fibers: thermotropic liquid crystal polymer fibers (TLCP) and poly p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) fibers. Through a series of freeze–thaw (F–T) experiments for [...] Read more.
According to the demand for high-performance fibers for high-latitude ocean exploration and development, this paper selects representative products of high-performance liquid crystal fibers: thermotropic liquid crystal polymer fibers (TLCP) and poly p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) fibers. Through a series of freeze–thaw (F–T) experiments for simulating a real, cold marine environment, we then measure the retention of mechanical properties of these two kinds of fibers. Before that, due to the difference in their chemical structures, we tested their Yang–Laplace contact angle (YLCA) and water absorption; the results suggested that PPTA fibers would absorb more moisture. Surprisingly, then, compared with thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (TLCP) fibers, the retention of the mechanical properties of poly p-phenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) fibers decreased by around 25% after the F–T experiments. The Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) analysis, the attenuated total reflection (ATR) accessory analysis and the degree of crystal orientation measured by two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray diffraction (2D-WAXD) confirm that no changes in the chemical and the orientation structure of the crystal region of the fibers occurred after they underwent the F–T cycles. However, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), there are microcracks of various extents on the surface of the PPTA fibers, but they do not appear on the surface of TLCP fibers. It is obvious that these microcracks will lead to the loss of mechanical properties; we infer that the moisture absorbed by the PPTA fibers freezes below the freezing point, and the volume expansion of the ice causes the collapse of the microfibrillar structure. The two sorts of fibers subjected to the F–T experiments are immersed in a sodium chloride solution, and the amount of water infiltrated into the PPTA microfibrillar structure is evaluated according to the content of sodium ions in the fiber surface and subsurface layers through X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental analysis. From the above analysis, we found that TLCP fibers can more effectively meet the operating standards of the severe and cold marine environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research and Preparation of High-Performance Polymer Fibers)
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29 pages, 15922 KiB  
Article
A New Stress-Based Formulation for Modeling Notched Fiber-Reinforced Laminates
by Xian Liu, Linxin Wang, Quantian Luo, Zhonghao Bai, Qing Li and Jian Hu
Polymers 2022, 14(24), 5552; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245552 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
Laminated plates are often modeled with infinite dimensions in terms of the so-called Whitney–Nuismer (WN) stress criteria, which form a theoretical basis for predicting the residual properties of open-hole structures. Based upon the WN stress criteria, this study derived a new formulation involving [...] Read more.
Laminated plates are often modeled with infinite dimensions in terms of the so-called Whitney–Nuismer (WN) stress criteria, which form a theoretical basis for predicting the residual properties of open-hole structures. Based upon the WN stress criteria, this study derived a new formulation involving finite width; the effects of notch shape and size on the applicability of new formulae and the tensile properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates were investigated via experimental and theoretical analyses. The specimens were prepared by using laminates reinforced by plain woven carbon fiber fabrics and machined with or without an open circular hole or a straight notch. Standard tensile tests were performed and measured using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique, aiming to characterize the full-field surface strain. Continuum damage mechanics (CDMs)-based finite element models were developed to predict the stress concentration factors and failure processes of notched specimens. The characteristic distances in the stress criterion models were calibrated using the experimental results of un-notched and notched specimens, such that the failure of carbon fiber laminates with or without straight notches could be analytically predicted. The experimental results demonstrated well the effectiveness of the present formulations. The new formula provides an effective approach to implementing a finite-width stress criterion for evaluating the tensile properties of notched fiber-reinforced laminates. In addition, the notch size has a great effect on strength prediction while the fiber direction has a great influence on the fracture mode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research and Preparation of High-Performance Polymer Fibers)
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Review

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17 pages, 1159 KiB  
Review
Effects of Macro Fibers on Crack Opening Reduction in Fiber Reinforced Concrete Overlays
by Sanghwan Cho, Amanda C. Bordelon and Min Ook Kim
Polymers 2024, 16(16), 2282; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162282 - 12 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
Macro fibers have been extensively used in the construction of various concrete structures, including bridges, dams, tunnels, industrial floors, and pavements. However, their effectiveness in reducing crack opening widths in concrete pavements has not been fully explored. This study aims to delineate the [...] Read more.
Macro fibers have been extensively used in the construction of various concrete structures, including bridges, dams, tunnels, industrial floors, and pavements. However, their effectiveness in reducing crack opening widths in concrete pavements has not been fully explored. This study aims to delineate the role of fibers by identifying the optimal types and volumes for effectively controlling cracks in concrete pavement structures, particularly in thin overlays. The research investigates how different fiber types, such as synthetic and steel, and their respective volumes can mitigate crack propagation in concrete overlays. Additionally, it evaluates the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete overlays compared to conventional dowel bar systems in terms of crack width reduction and overall pavement durability. The findings aim to provide specific design criteria for incorporating macro fibers in concrete overlays to enhance structural integrity and longevity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research and Preparation of High-Performance Polymer Fibers)
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