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Advances in Polyimide: Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, Application and Beyond
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Advances in Polyimide: Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, Application and Beyond

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 3771

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xinbo Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
Interests: self-assembly of diblock copolymers; porous thermosetting resins and their applications; functional fluoro-silcone polymers; high-performance polyimides and their modification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polyimide (PI), a polymer material that is employed in engineering due to its many advantageous characteristics, has garnered enhanced interest from researchers engaged in fundamental research as well from companies dedicated to its application and commercialization. Owing to its excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical resistance and electrical properties, aromatic PI is widely utilized in the aerospace industry, in the military and opto-electronics, and in liquid crystal alignments, composites, electroluminescent devices, electrochromic materials, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, polymer memories, fibre optics, etc. However, the difficulties and high costs associated with its processing limit its further application.

The aim of this Special Issue is to gather recent research regarding the utilization of PI in cutting-edge scientific fields such as synthesis, modification and characterization in order to promote the development of PI scientific theory, advance its fabrication, expand its application, and provide interactive opportunities for researchers.

Dr. Xinbo Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • soluble
  • processable and formable
  • transparent
  • application on new energy batteries
  • synthesis in water or ethanol
  • novel monomers
  • functional thin polyimide films
  • porous polyimide
  • liquid–crystalline polyimide
  • flexible polyimide
  • new thermosetting oligomers
  • high-strength adhesive
  • polyimide blends
  • heat-resistant coating
  • polyimide composites
  • photosensitive polyimide
  • gas separation membrane

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5423 KiB  
Article
In Situ Crystalline Growth ZnS Nanoparticles on Conjugated Polymer for Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Performance
by Baotong Liu, Xuelian Li, Long Zhang, Chenghai Ma, Ying Chen, Xinyu Wang, Hongli Wei and Pengfei Wang
Polymers 2025, 17(5), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050575 - 21 Feb 2025
Viewed by 411
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an important means of realizing the efficient use of solar energy and alleviating energy consumption and environmental pollution. This work used a simple solvothermal synthesis method to prepare a series of zinc sulfide/sulfur-doped polyimide (ZnS/SPI) direct Z-type heterostructured photocatalysts. ZnS/SPI heterostructured [...] Read more.
Photocatalysis is an important means of realizing the efficient use of solar energy and alleviating energy consumption and environmental pollution. This work used a simple solvothermal synthesis method to prepare a series of zinc sulfide/sulfur-doped polyimide (ZnS/SPI) direct Z-type heterostructured photocatalysts. ZnS/SPI heterostructured photocatalysts have better photogenerated electron–hole pairs separation and wider visible light absorption region. The effect of ZnS on the properties of ZnS/SPI composites, such as morphology, structure, and optoelectronic properties, was systematically investigated by a series of characterization tests. These results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the ZnS/SPI composite was significantly improved compared with SPI. The 10ZnS/SPI composite exhibited the highest photocatalytic hydrogen production rate under full irradiation (216.9 µmol/g/h), which was about 2.8 times higher than that of SPI (76.6 µmol/g/h). Moreover, it has a high stability over a long period in the photocatalytic process. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the ZnS/SPI heterojunction is mainly due to the close contact between the ZnS nanoparticles and the SPI interface, which improves the charge separation and reduces the complexation rate of electron–hole. This work shows that the formation of ZnS/SPI composites Z-type heterojunction can effectively enhance the activity of polymer photocatalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyimide: Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, Application and Beyond)
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15 pages, 3394 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyimide with High Blackness and Low Thermal Expansion by Introducing 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Chromophores
by Yiwu Liu, Xueyuan Liu, Jinghua Tan, Jie Huang, Jiazhen Yuan, Huipeng Li, Jieping Guo, Penghao Yu and Yue Chen
Polymers 2024, 16(23), 3365; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16233365 - 29 Nov 2024
Viewed by 735
Abstract
The market demand for black polyimide (BPI) has grown hugely in the field of flexible copper-clad laminates (FCCLs) as a replacement for transparent yellow polyimide. The 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPP) derivative is recognized for its high molar extinction coefficient. In this research, we have synthesized [...] Read more.
The market demand for black polyimide (BPI) has grown hugely in the field of flexible copper-clad laminates (FCCLs) as a replacement for transparent yellow polyimide. The 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPP) derivative is recognized for its high molar extinction coefficient. In this research, we have synthesized a diamine monomer named 3,6-bis[5-(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)thiophen-2-yl]-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[4,3-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPPTENFPDA), featuring a TDPP unit attached by fluorinated benzene rings. The subsequent reaction of DPPTENFPDA with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) yielded an inherent BPI (DPPTENFPPI). By introducing chromophores derived from TDPP, the light absorption spectrum of DPPTENFPPI was broadened and red-shifted, thereby achieving full absorption within the visible spectrum and producing a highly black color that has a cut-off wavelength (λcut) of 717 nm and a CIE-Lab coordinate L* of 0.86. Additionally, DPPTENFPPI exhibited a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and remarkable thermal and electrical performance. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to explore the electronic nature of DPPTENFPPI. The outcomes revealed that the excellent light absorption of DPPTENFPPI predominantly originates from the transition from HOMO to LUMO + 1 within the chromophore moiety. The FCCL made from DPPTENFPPI films has high solder heat resistance and peel strength. This research contributes valuable insights into the structure and design of high-performance intrinsically black PIs for microelectronics applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyimide: Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, Application and Beyond)
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18 pages, 6063 KiB  
Article
Study on Thermal Oxygen Aging Characteristics and Degradation Kinetics of PMR350 Resin
by Yadan Wu, Wenchen Zhao, Yang Liu, Haitao Liu, Minglong Yang and Xun Sun
Polymers 2024, 16(18), 2552; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16182552 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1135
Abstract
The thermal stability and aging kinetics of polyimides have garnered significant research attention. As a newly developed class of high thermal stability polyimide, the thermal aging characteristics and degradation kinetics of phenylene-capped polyimide prepolymer (PMR350) have not yet been reported. In this article, [...] Read more.
The thermal stability and aging kinetics of polyimides have garnered significant research attention. As a newly developed class of high thermal stability polyimide, the thermal aging characteristics and degradation kinetics of phenylene-capped polyimide prepolymer (PMR350) have not yet been reported. In this article, the thermo-oxidative stability of PMR350 was investigated systematically. The thermal degradation kinetics of PMR350 resin under different atmospheres were also analyzed using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method, the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method, and the Friedman method. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that the 5% thermal decomposition temperature (Td5%) of PMR350 in a nitrogen atmosphere was 29 °C higher than that in air, and the maximum thermal degradation rate was 0.0025%/°C, which is only one-seventh of that observed in air. Isothermal oxidative aging results indicated that the weight loss rate of PMR350 and the time-dependence relationship follow a first-order exponential growth function. PMR350 resin thermal decomposition reaction under air atmosphere includes one stage, with a degradation activation energy of approximately 57 kJ/mol. The reaction model g(α) fits the F2 model, and the integral form is given by g(α) = 1/(1 − α). In contrast, the thermal decomposition reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere consists of two stages, with degradation activation energies of 240 kJ/mol and 200 kJ/mol, respectively. The reaction models g(α) correspond to the A2 and D3 models, with the integral forms represented as g(α) = [−ln(1 − α)]2 and g(α) = [1 − (1 − α)1/3]2 due to the oxygen accelerating thermal degradation from multiple perspectives. Moreover, PMR350 resin maintained high hardness and modulus even after thermal aging at 350 °C for 300 h. The results indicate that the resin exhibits excellent resistance to thermal and oxygen aging. This study represents the first systematic analysis of the thermal stability characteristics of PMR350 resin, offering essential theoretical insights and data support for understanding the mechanisms of thermal stability modification in PMR350 and its engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyimide: Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, Application and Beyond)
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Review

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37 pages, 5596 KiB  
Review
Diamine-Crosslinked and Blended Polyimide Membranes: An Emerging Strategy in Enhancing H2/CO2 Separation
by Noor Hafizah Mohd Amin, Mohd Usman Mohd Junaidi, Zulhelmi Amir, Nur Awanis Hashim, Hanee Farzana Hizaddin, Abdul Latif Ahmad, Mohd Izzudin Izzat Zainal Abidin, Mohamad Fairus Rabuni and Sharifah Norsyahindah Syed Nor
Polymers 2025, 17(5), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050615 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
The increasing demand for high-purity hydrogen (H2) as renewable energy sources is driving advancements in membrane technology, which is essential for achieving efficient gas separation. Polyimide (PI) membranes have become an emerging option for H2/CO2 separation due to [...] Read more.
The increasing demand for high-purity hydrogen (H2) as renewable energy sources is driving advancements in membrane technology, which is essential for achieving efficient gas separation. Polyimide (PI) membranes have become an emerging option for H2/CO2 separation due to its excellent thermal stability and stability under harsh conditions. However, the neat PI membrane suffers performance loss due to CO2 plasticization effect and an encountered trade-off limit between permeability and selectivity. Therefore, membrane modification by crosslinking and blending emerged as a recent strategy to enhance the membrane’s performance and properties. This paper provides: (1) An overview of the possible method to do the modification in PI membranes, including the advantages and challenges of the membrane modification types; (2) As blending and crosslinking is the most popular modification for the PI membrane, their roles in enhancing membrane properties for improved H2/CO2 separation are discussed; (3) The critical parameters of the blending and crosslinking processes are also clarified for the optimal purification process; (4) The future outlook for H2/CO2 separation using membrane technology is discussed, aiming to provide commercialization strategy for optimal H2/CO2 separation. Thus, this review could provide guidelines for the readers to implement changes that significantly enhance the membrane’s features for high-purity H2 production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polyimide: Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, Application and Beyond)
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