Olive Tree Physiology

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 3753

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani center, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
Interests: compatibility between olive cultivars; olive fruit abscission; olive flowering and fruit development under heat stress; olive breeding

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea), throughout its long history, has been the most important oil tree crop of the Mediterranean basin. From this area, it has spread to Argentina, the United States, Chile, Uruguay, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and suitable parts of Asia. At present, the olive industry is undergoing a marked transformation in adjusting to today’s economic demands. Orchard intensification, advanced horticultural technologies, mechanization, and efficient management have brought dramatic changes to deeply imbedded traditional forms of olive culture. In addition, climate change has affected olive tree physiology in ways similar to its impact on other crops. The use of intensified methods of cultivation, coupled with shifts in market conditions driven by the influence of climate change, demands a thorough knowledge of the olive's physiology in order to achieve profitable crops.

Recently, the olive genome has been fully sequenced. This has provided a powerful tool to deepen our understanding of olive genetics and physiology. The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together the latest advances in various aspects of olive tree physiology, such as selective breeding, reproductive and molecular biology, genomics, and biotechnology of olive culture. We are also interested in the response of table olives and oil-producing varieties to biotic and abiotic stresses in terms of development, yield, and fruit and oil quality. We welcome original research papers, perspectives, opinions, reviews, modeling approaches, and methods that will be of interest to all those involved in adapting an ancient branch of agriculture to the challenges of the modern world.

Dr. Giora Ben-Ari
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Olea europaea
  • olive physiology
  • table olive
  • olive oil
  • flower and fruit development
  • oil quantity and quality
  • olive irrigation and fertilization
  • olive harvest
  • olive cultivars

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 788 KiB  
Article
A High Temperature Environment Regulates the Olive Oil Biosynthesis Network
by Yael Nissim, Maya Shlosberg, Iris Biton, Yair Many, Adi Doron-Faigenboim, Ran Hovav, Zohar Kerem, Benjamin Avidan and Giora Ben-Ari
Plants 2020, 9(9), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091135 - 01 Sep 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2643
Abstract
Climate change has been shown to have a substantial impact on agriculture and high temperatures and heat stress are known to have many negative effects on the vegetative and reproductive phases of plants. In a previous study, we addressed the effects of high [...] Read more.
Climate change has been shown to have a substantial impact on agriculture and high temperatures and heat stress are known to have many negative effects on the vegetative and reproductive phases of plants. In a previous study, we addressed the effects of high temperature environments on olive oil yield and quality, by comparing the fruit development and oil accumulation and quality of five olive cultivars placed in high temperature and moderate temperature environments. The aim of the current study was to explore the molecular mechanism resulting in the negative effect of a high temperature environment on oil quantity and quality. We analyzed the transcriptome of two extreme cultivars, ‘Barnea’, which is tolerant to high temperatures in regard to quantity of oil production, but sensitive regarding its quality, and ‘Souri’, which is heat sensitive regarding quantity of oil produced, but relatively tolerant regarding its quality. Transcriptome analyses have been carried out at three different time points during fruit development, focusing on the genes involved in the oil biosynthesis pathway. We found that heat-shock protein expression was induced by the high temperature environment, but the degree of induction was cultivar dependent. The ‘Barnea’ cultivar, whose oil production showed greater tolerance to high temperatures, exhibited a larger degree of induction than the heat sensitive ‘Souri’. On the other hand, many genes involved in olive oil biosynthesis were found to be repressed as a response to high temperatures. OePDCT as well as OeFAD2 genes showed cultivar dependent expression patterns according to their heat tolerance characteristics. The transcription factors OeDof4.3, OeWRI1.1, OeDof4.4 and OeWRI1.2 were identified as key factors in regulating the oil biosynthesis pathway in response to heat stress, based on their co-expression characteristics with other genes involved in this pathway. Our results may contribute to identifying or developing a more heat tolerant cultivar, which will be able to produce high yield and quality oil in a future characterized by global warming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Olive Tree Physiology)
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