Climate Change and Plant Survival Strategies: Physiological and Biochemical Adaptations

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 3168

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: plant evolutionary ecology; plant–environment interaction; phenotypic plasticity; biochemical adaptations; heat stress proteins; I. pumila
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: plant evolutionary ecology; phenotypic plasticity; plant ecophysiology; phenotypic selection; pollination ecology; morphometrics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past decades, accelerating environmental changes have increasingly disrupted the conditions under which plants have evolved and thrived. Unpredictable temperature fluctuations, prolonged periods of drought, shifting precipitation patterns, and other climate-related stressors have created a complex and often hostile landscape for plant growth and development. As sessile organisms, plants must rely on their intrinsic ability to perceive and respond to environmental cues through finely tuned physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

In response to these challenges, plants employ a wide range of adaptive strategies that help maintain essential functions under stress. Physiological adjustments—such as regulation of transpiration, changes in photosynthetic capacity, and alterations in resource allocation—are often coupled with biochemical responses, including antioxidant defense activation, hormonal modulation, and metabolic reprogramming. These mechanisms not only ensure short-term survival but can also influence long-term resilience across generations.

This Special Issue of Plants aims to highlight current research that explores how plants cope with the pressures of a changing climate at a physiological and biochemical level. We welcome manuscripts that address plant responses to drought, temperature extremes, salinity, and other environmental constraints. We particularly encourage studies that employ integrative approaches combining molecular biology, stress physiology, and biochemical analysis.

By deepening our understanding of the functional responses that support plant survival, this Special Issue aims to contribute to broader efforts of developing sustainable, climate-resilient plant systems in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. In a time of growing ecological uncertainty, increasing knowledge of plant adaptive capacity is essential for anticipating future challenges and promoting innovative solutions for global food and ecosystem security.

Dr. Sanja Manitašević Jovanović
Dr. Ana Vuleta
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • climate change
  • heat stress
  • oxidative stress
  • drought stress
  • adaptation
  • phenotypic plasticity
  • plant functional traits

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2993 KB  
Article
Leaf-Fruit Trait Decoupling Along Environmental Gradients in Tropical Cryptocaryeae (Lauraceae)
by Wendi Zhao, Lifang Wang, Yu Song, Honglei Jiang and Xiali Guo
Plants 2026, 15(1), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010126 - 1 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 601
Abstract
Cryptocaryeae, as a significant tribe within the Lauraceae family with important economic and ecological value, comprises over 850 species. Its common ancestor dates back to approximately 123 million years ago, in the early Cretaceous, originating in tropical Africa and Asia. Understanding how leaf [...] Read more.
Cryptocaryeae, as a significant tribe within the Lauraceae family with important economic and ecological value, comprises over 850 species. Its common ancestor dates back to approximately 123 million years ago, in the early Cretaceous, originating in tropical Africa and Asia. Understanding how leaf and fruit functional traits of Cryptocaryeae trees (Lauraceae) respond to environmental fluctuations is crucial for protecting the structure and function of forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the influence of environmental factors on leaf and fruit morphological traits in the tropical tribe Cryptocaryeae. Based on an established phylogenetic framework for Cryptocaryeae, we compiled a dataset containing 17,117 morphological observations across 369 species. The analyzed traits included leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit size. Through analyzing trends of leaves and fruits morphological traits across the latitude and longitude and their relationship with environmental factors, and by quantifying the relative contributions of environmental factors to these traits, we demonstrated that leaf morphology exhibited distinct latitudinal and longitudinal zonation and was sensitive to environmental fluctuations, especially to temperature changes. In contrast, the change of fruit morphological traits was comparatively conservative in their variation, mainly affected by precipitation. These findings suggest that different plant traits may employ different trade-off strategies during environmental adaptation. Highlighting the importance of integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives on leaf and fruit morphological traits of tropical Cryptocaryeae trees could provide insights into understanding plant environmental adaptation. Full article
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17 pages, 2562 KB  
Article
StSUT2 Regulates Cell Wall Architecture and Biotic Stress Responses in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum)
by Huiling Gong, Hongmei Li, Chenxia Wang, Qian Kui, Leonce Dusengemungu, Xia Cai and Zaiping Feng
Plants 2025, 14(18), 2941; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14182941 - 22 Sep 2025
Viewed by 998
Abstract
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) are essential membrane proteins that mediate sucrose phloem loading in source tissues and unloading in sink tissues. In addition to their role in carbohydrate partitioning, SUTs have been implicated in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Our [...] Read more.
Plant sucrose transporters (SUTs) are essential membrane proteins that mediate sucrose phloem loading in source tissues and unloading in sink tissues. In addition to their role in carbohydrate partitioning, SUTs have been implicated in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Our previous research demonstrated that silencing StSUT2 in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) affects plant growth, flowering time, and tuber yield, with transcriptomic analysis suggesting its involvement in cell wall metabolic pathways. In this study, we further investigated the effects of StSUT2 inhibition on the cell wall structure and biotic stress response of potatoes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the tuber cell wall thickness of the StSUT2 RNA interference (RNAi) line RNAi-2 was reduced by 7.8%, and the intercellular space was increased by 214% compared with the wild-type plants. Biochemical analyses showed that StSUT2 silencing significantly decreased cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents in both the leaves and tubers, e.g., tuber cellulose reduced by up to 20.1%, while pectin levels remained unaffected, with distinct effects on source leaves and sink tubers’ organs. Additionally, activities of cellulase, xyloglucan glycosyltransferase/hydrolase XTH, and polygalacturonase were elevated in RNAi lines, e.g., leaf cellulase increased by 43.3%, whereas the pectinase activity was unchanged. Pathogen inoculation assays demonstrated that StSUT2 RNAi lines were more susceptible to Ralstonia solanacearum bacterial wilt and Fusarium sulphureum dry rot, showing larger leaf lesions, wider tuber necrotic plaques, and severe seedling wilting. These findings demonstrate that silencing StSUT2 regulates the cell wall structure, composition, and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes, thereby reducing the plant’s resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. Full article
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Review

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39 pages, 1754 KB  
Review
Eco-Physiological and Molecular Roles of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in Mitigating Abiotic Stress: A Comprehensive Review
by Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro, Luis U. Castruita-Esparza and Esteban Sánchez
Plants 2026, 15(1), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010147 - 4 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1067
Abstract
Mitigation of abiotic stress of crops is currently one of the primary issues for modern agriculture to secure food supply. On that point, it is acknowledged that climate change is leading to an increase in temperature and solar radiation, while also contributing to [...] Read more.
Mitigation of abiotic stress of crops is currently one of the primary issues for modern agriculture to secure food supply. On that point, it is acknowledged that climate change is leading to an increase in temperature and solar radiation, while also contributing to prolonged drought events. In contrast, saline soil and heavy metal pollution have been globally problematic, affecting a large part of crops. In this review, we have provided an overview of the eco-physiological and molecular aspects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a novel technology for alleviating abiotic stress in plants. It is reported that the presence of ZnO-NPs has positive benefits in physiological processes, such as photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic regulation, ionic homeostasis, and the activation of antioxidant defense systems through gene modifications and the regulation of genes that are regulated under stress conditions. These are positive results for yields, nutrition, and resistance levels in cereals, legumes, and horticultural crops. Furthermore, essential details are reported, suggesting that the addition of ZnO-NPs to crops may be involved in regulating plant metabolism. Nonetheless, we recognize that this technology poses significant challenges for validation on a large scale, particularly in uncontrolled environments. Full article
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