Crop Improvement by Modern Breeding Strategies

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 616

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department for Breeding and Genetics of Industrial Plants, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Juzno Predgradje 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: sobyean and sunflower diseases; artificial infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Breeding and Genetics of Industrial Plants, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Juzno Predgradje 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: soybean; breeding; conventional breeding; seed nutritional quality; trait stability; genotype adaptability; seed production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno Predgrađe 17, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: soybean; breeding; conventional breeding; seed nutritional quality; trait stability; genotype adaptability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Accelerating climate change, human population growth, and the degradation of agricultural soils are present-day global challenges that cause food insecurity and necessitate constant innovations in crop improvement. The response to predicted future and existing food scarcity lies in producing more high-quality agricultural products while addressing frequent and unpredictable abiotic and biotic stresses. Conventional breeding methods, while foundational, are no longer sufficient to meet the rapidly evolving demands placed on agriculture. By integrating cutting-edge technologies such as advanced imaging and data analytics for phenotyping, advanced computational tools (e.g., AI and machine learning) for predictive breeding, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection, CRISPR-based genome editing to fine-tune specific traits with high precision, RNA interference (RNAi) for silencing specific genes to reduce unwanted trait expression, doubled haploidy for producing uniform progeny in one generation, and speed breeding, researchers and breeders are developing crops with superior traits of interest—high-performing crops that also demonstrate plasticity and wide adaptability. Modern breeding strategies have already significantly improved crop productivity, resilience, and nutritional quality, leading to the development of disease- and drought-tolerant varieties for staple crops. However, genetic modifications used in modern breeding have raised concerns among consumers. The controversy surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops is one of the most contentious debates in modern agriculture, science, and public policy. Critics of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) express concerns about environmental impacts, human health risks, and ethical issues, leading to a polarized public discourse. Although genetic modification holds promise for addressing global food security challenges, these debates highlight the need for transparency and responsible regulation. Addressing and overcoming the issues related to agricultural biotechnology, while ensuring the progress of breeding superior crops, remains one of the most important challenges for modern agriculture. Therefore, this Special Issue invites research on advanced breeding methods, alongside case studies and practical applications, encouraging readers to engage with the innovative techniques and genetic tools shaping the future of crop improvement, and fostering sustainable and resilient food systems for a growing global population.

Dr. Tomislav Duvnjak
Dr. Aleksandra Sudarić
Dr. Maja Matoša Kočar
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • crop improvement
  • breeding
  • biotechnology
  • agricultural innovation
  • sustainable agriculture

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 2401 KiB  
Review
Large-Scale Rice Mutant Establishment and High-Throughput Mutant Manipulation Help Advance Rice Functional Genomics
by Eyob Kassaye Wolella, Zhen Cheng, Mengyuan Li, Dandan Xia, Jianwei Zhang, Liu Duan, Li Liu, Zhiyong Li and Jian Zhang
Plants 2025, 14(10), 1492; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101492 - 16 May 2025
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Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a stable food for over half of the world population, contributing 50–80% of the daily calorie intake. The completion of rice genome sequencing marks a significant milestone in understanding functional genomics, yet the systematic identification of gene [...] Read more.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a stable food for over half of the world population, contributing 50–80% of the daily calorie intake. The completion of rice genome sequencing marks a significant milestone in understanding functional genomics, yet the systematic identification of gene functions remains a bottleneck for rice improvement. Large-scale mutant libraries in which the functions of genes are lost or gained (e.g., through chemical/physical treatments, T-DNA, transposons, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9) have proven to be powerful tools for the systematic linking of genotypes to phenotypes. So far, using different mutagenesis approaches, a million mutant lines have been established and about 5–10% of the predicted rice gene functions have been identified due to the high demands of labor and low-throughput utilization. DNA-barcoding-based large-scale mutagenesis offers unprecedented precision and scalability in functional genomics. This review summarizes large-scale loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutant library development approaches and emphasizes the integration of DNA barcoding for pooled analysis. Unique DNA barcodes can be tagged to transposons/retrotransposons, DNA constructs, miRNA/siRNA, gRNA, and cDNA, allowing for pooling analysis and the assignment of functions to genes that cause phenotype alterations. In addition, the integration of high-throughput phenotyping and OMICS technologies can accelerate the identification of gene functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Improvement by Modern Breeding Strategies)
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