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Plants
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Plasmodesmata
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Plasmodesmata

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Cell Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 6210

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso

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Guest Editor
Centre for Plant Science, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Interests: plant development; cell wall biophysics; cell–cell transport and callose: B-1,3 glucans; plasmodesmata
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dawei Yan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
2. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
Interests: phloem unloading in roots
Dr. Eva Deinum

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods (Biometris), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Interests: plant growth and development; cell biological processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plasmodesmata are intercellular pores bridging the cell wall to connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells forming the symplasm. The transport of molecules via plasmodesmata contributes to intercellular signaling and coordinates the development of plant organs and responses to environmental cues. Research on plasmodesmata formation and regulation has progressed rapidly in recent years, revealing their critical importance in meristem development and pathogenesis, among many other plant processes. Contributions from different disciplines, using both experimental and modelling systems, have enriched our knowledge of plasmodesmata regulation. Despite this, the research is still insufficient to effectively target plasmodesmata for the improvement of crop growth, yield and resilience to climate change.

A Special Issue dedicated to plasmodesmata aims to bring together the community and assist others in understanding the most recent advances and tools available in this area of research. We encourage the submission of reviews, research articles, short reports, and methods papers on all aspects of plasmodesmata research. Articles must be received by 30 July 2023 to be considered for the Special Issue. Please note, we will be able to publish your article shortly after it is accepted; you will not have to wait for the deadline. Please refer to our author guidelines for information on preparing your manuscript.

Dr. Yoselin Benitez-Alfonso
Dr. Dawei Yan
Dr. Eva Deinum
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

23 pages, 1792 KiB  
Review
Distributing Plant Developmental Regulatory Proteins via Plasmodesmata
by Joyce M. Schreiber, Erik Limpens and Jeroen de Keijzer
Plants 2024, 13(5), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050684 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1023
Abstract
During plant development, mobile proteins, including transcription factors, abundantly serve as messengers between cells to activate transcriptional signaling cascades in distal tissues. These proteins travel from cell to cell via nanoscopic tunnels in the cell wall known as plasmodesmata. Cellular control over this [...] Read more.
During plant development, mobile proteins, including transcription factors, abundantly serve as messengers between cells to activate transcriptional signaling cascades in distal tissues. These proteins travel from cell to cell via nanoscopic tunnels in the cell wall known as plasmodesmata. Cellular control over this intercellular movement can occur at two likely interdependent levels. It involves regulation at the level of plasmodesmata density and structure as well as at the level of the cargo proteins that traverse these tunnels. In this review, we cover the dynamics of plasmodesmata formation and structure in a developmental context together with recent insights into the mechanisms that may control these aspects. Furthermore, we explore the processes involved in cargo-specific mechanisms that control the transport of proteins via plasmodesmata. Instead of a one-fits-all mechanism, a pluriform repertoire of mechanisms is encountered that controls the intercellular transport of proteins via plasmodesmata to control plant development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasmodesmata)
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37 pages, 5578 KiB  
Review
Multicellularity and the Need for Communication—A Systematic Overview on (Algal) Plasmodesmata and Other Types of Symplasmic Cell Connections
by Linus Wegner, Merlin Leon Porth and Katrin Ehlers
Plants 2023, 12(18), 3342; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183342 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1386
Abstract
In the evolution of eukaryotes, the transition from unicellular to simple multicellular organisms has happened multiple times. For the development of complex multicellularity, characterized by sophisticated body plans and division of labor between specialized cells, symplasmic intercellular communication is supposed to be indispensable. [...] Read more.
In the evolution of eukaryotes, the transition from unicellular to simple multicellular organisms has happened multiple times. For the development of complex multicellularity, characterized by sophisticated body plans and division of labor between specialized cells, symplasmic intercellular communication is supposed to be indispensable. We review the diversity of symplasmic connectivity among the eukaryotes and distinguish between distinct types of non-plasmodesmatal connections, plasmodesmata-like structures, and ‘canonical’ plasmodesmata on the basis of developmental, structural, and functional criteria. Focusing on the occurrence of plasmodesmata (-like) structures in extant taxa of fungi, brown algae (Phaeophyceae), green algae (Chlorophyta), and streptophyte algae, we present a detailed critical update on the available literature which is adapted to the present classification of these taxa and may serve as a tool for future work. From the data, we conclude that, actually, development of complex multicellularity correlates with symplasmic connectivity in many algal taxa, but there might be alternative routes. Furthermore, we deduce a four-step process towards the evolution of canonical plasmodesmata and demonstrate similarity of plasmodesmata in streptophyte algae and land plants with respect to the occurrence of an ER component. Finally, we discuss the urgent need for functional investigations and molecular work on cell connections in algal organisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasmodesmata)
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14 pages, 638 KiB  
Review
The Interplay between Enucleated Sieve Elements and Companion Cells
by Angel J. Matilla
Plants 2023, 12(17), 3033; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173033 - 23 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1158
Abstract
In order to adapt to sessile life and terrestrial environments, vascular plants have developed highly sophisticated cells to transport photosynthetic products and developmental signals. Of these, two distinct cell types (i.e., the sieve element (SE) and companion cell) are arranged in precise positions, [...] Read more.
In order to adapt to sessile life and terrestrial environments, vascular plants have developed highly sophisticated cells to transport photosynthetic products and developmental signals. Of these, two distinct cell types (i.e., the sieve element (SE) and companion cell) are arranged in precise positions, thus ensuring effective transport. During SE differentiation, most of the cellular components are heavily modified or even eliminated. This peculiar differentiation implies the selective disintegration of the nucleus (i.e., enucleation) and the loss of cellular translational capacity. However, some cellular components necessary for transport (e.g., plasmalemma) are retained and specific phloem proteins (P-proteins) appear. Likewise, MYB (i.e., APL) and NAC (i.e., NAC45 and NAC86) transcription factors (TFs) and OCTOPUS proteins play a notable role in SE differentiation. The maturing SEs become heavily dependent on neighboring non-conducting companion cells, to which they are connected by plasmodesmata through which only 20–70 kDa compounds seem to be able to pass. The study of sieve tube proteins still has many gaps. However, the development of a protocol to isolate proteins that are free from any contaminating proteins has constituted an important advance. This review considers the very detailed current state of knowledge of both bound and soluble sap proteins, as well as the role played by the companion cells in their presence. Phloem proteins travel long distances by combining two modes: non-selective transport via bulk flow and selective regulated movement. One of the goals of this study is to discover how the protein content of the sieve tube is controlled. The majority of questions and approaches about the heterogeneity of phloem sap will be clarified once the morphology and physiology of the plasmodesmata have been investigated in depth. Finally, the retention of specific proteins inside an SE is an aspect that should not be forgotten. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasmodesmata)
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15 pages, 934 KiB  
Review
Heavy Metal-Associated Isoprenylated Plant Proteins (HIPPs) at Plasmodesmata: Exploring the Link between Localization and Function
by Zoe Kathleen Barr, Tomáš Werner and Jens Tilsner
Plants 2023, 12(16), 3015; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12163015 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1692
Abstract
Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) are a metallochaperone-like protein family comprising a combination of structural features unique to vascular plants. HIPPs possess both one or two heavy metal-binding domains and an isoprenylation site, facilitating a posttranslational protein lipid modification. Recent work has [...] Read more.
Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) are a metallochaperone-like protein family comprising a combination of structural features unique to vascular plants. HIPPs possess both one or two heavy metal-binding domains and an isoprenylation site, facilitating a posttranslational protein lipid modification. Recent work has characterized individual HIPPs across numerous different species and provided evidence for varied functionalities. Interestingly, a significant number of HIPPs have been identified in proteomes of plasmodesmata (PD)—nanochannels mediating symplastic connectivity within plant tissues that play pivotal roles in intercellular communication during plant development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress. As characterized functions of many HIPPs are linked to stress responses, plasmodesmal HIPP proteins are potentially interesting candidate components of signaling events at or for the regulation of PD. Here, we review what is known about PD-localized HIPP proteins specifically, and how the structure and function of HIPPs more generally could link to known properties and regulation of PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasmodesmata)
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