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Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses

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A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Physiology and Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 9750

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Dr. Doh Hoon Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
Interests: rice; MYB transcription factor; abiotic stress; gibberellic acid; genome editing; glucose metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants adapt to the environment by detecting changes in the external environment and activating appropriate biological defense mechanisms. Various external environmental factors can cause severe damage to plant cells and lead to plant death. In general, phosphate deficiency affects key functions of energy storage and transmission in plants. It particularly affects tillering, root development, early flowering and ripening. Basic and applied studies of high-affinity phosphate transporters, transcription factors, and kinases involved in phosphate-deficient signaling and regulation of phosphate uptake under phosphate-deficient conditions will provide valuable insights into low-input and sustainable crop production.

This Special Issue includes studies involving molecular physiological and chemical analysis associated with phosphate uptake signal transduction and plant–environment interaction in response to various environmental stresses.

Dr. Doh Hoon Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

abiotic stresses
phosphate deficiency
transcription factor
kinase
signal transduction

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 7492 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms Underlying Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Mannitol Stress Resistance in Banana

by Jiaxuan Yu, Lu Tang, Fei Qiao, Juhua Liu and Xinguo Li

Plants 2024, 13(5), 712; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050712 - 03 Mar 2024

Viewed by 590

Abstract

Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application has shown promising effects on plant defense under diverse abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms underlying MeJA-induced stress resistance in bananas are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we treated banana plants with 100 μM MeJA before inducing osmotic stress using mannitol. Plant phenotype and antioxidant enzyme activity results demonstrated that MeJA improved osmotic stress resistance in banana plants. Thereafter, to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MeJA-induced osmotic stress resistance in banana seedlings, we conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using leaf and root samples of “Brazilian” banana seedlings treated with MeJA for 0 h and 8 h. RNA-seq analysis showed that MeJA treatment upregulated 1506 (leaf) and 3341 (root) genes and downregulated 1768 (leaf) and 4625 (root) genes. Then, we performed gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses on the differentially expressed genes. We noted that linoleic acid metabolism was enriched in both root and leaf samples, and the genes of this pathway exhibited different expression patterns; 9S-LOX genes were highly induced by MeJA in the leaves, whereas 13S-LOX genes were highly induced in the roots. We also identified the promoters of these genes, as the differences in response elements may contribute to tissue-specific gene expression in response to MeJA application in banana seedlings. Overall, the findings of this study provide insights into the mechanisms underlying abiotic stress resistance in banana that may aid in the improvement of banana varieties relying on molecular breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses)

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22 pages, 3421 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Irrigation Strategies with Controlled Water Deficit in Two Production Cycles of Cotton

by Wellinghton Alves Guedes, Reginaldo Gomes Nobre, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, Geovani Soares de Lima, Hans Raj Gheyi, Pedro Dantas Fernandes, Ana Paula Nunes Ferreira, André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva, Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo, Daniel Valadão Silva and José Francismar de Medeiros

Plants 2023, 12(16), 2892; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162892 - 08 Aug 2023

Viewed by 884

Abstract

Water scarcity is one of the main abiotic factors that limit agricultural production. In this sense, the identification of genotypes tolerant to water deficit associated with irrigation management strategies is extremely important. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology, production, water consumption, and water use efficiency of colored fiber cotton genotypes submitted to irrigation strategies with a water deficit in the phenological phases. Two experiments were conducted in succession. In the first experiment, a randomized block design was used in a 3 × 7 factorial scheme, corresponding to three colored cotton genotypes (BRS Rubi, BRS Jade, and BRS Safira) in seven irrigation management strategies with 40% of the real evapotranspiration (ETr) varying the phenological stages. In the second experiment, the same design was used in a 3 × 10 factorial arrangement (genotypes × irrigation management strategies). The water deficit in the vegetative phase can be used in the first year of cotton cultivation. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Jade’ is the most tolerant to water deficit in terms of phytomass accumulation and fiber production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses)

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23 pages, 1558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Salicylic Acid and Macro- and Micronutrients through Foliar and Soil Applications on the Agronomic Performance, Physiological Attributes, and Water Productivity of Wheat under Normal and Limited Irrigation in Dry Climatic Conditions

by Majed Alotaibi, Salah El-Hendawy, Nabil Mohammed, Bazel Alsamin, Nasser Al-Suhaibani and Yahya Refay

Plants 2023, 12(12), 2389; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122389 - 20 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1255

Abstract

Ensuring food security with severe shortages of freshwater and drastic changes in climatic conditions in arid countries requires the urgent development of feasible and user-friendly strategies. Relatively little is known regarding the impacts of the co-application (Co-A) of salicylic acid (SA), macronutrients (Mac), and micronutrients (Mic) through foliar (F) and soil (S) application strategies on field crops under arid and semiarid climatic conditions. A two-year field experiment was designed to compare the impacts of seven (Co-A) treatments of this strategy, including a control, F_{SA + Mic}, F_{SA + Mac}, S_SA + F_Mic, S_SA + F_{SA + Mic}, S_{SA + Mic} + F_SA, and S_{SA + Mic} + F_{Mac + Mic} on the agronomic performance, physiological attributes, and water productivity (WP) of wheat under normal (NI) and limited (LMI) irrigation conditions. The results reveal that the LMI treatment caused a significant reduction in various traits related to the growth (plant height, tiller and green leaf numbers, leaf area index, and shoot dry weight), physiology (relative water content and chlorophyll pigments), and yield components (spike length, grain weight and grain numbers per spike, thousand-grain weight, and harvest index) of wheat by 11.4–47.8%, 21.8–39.8%, and 16.4–42.3%, respectively, while WP increased by 13.3% compared to the NI treatment. The different Co-A treatments have shown a 0.2–23.7%, 3.6–26.7%, 2.3–21.6%, and 12.2–25.0% increase in various traits related to growth, physiology, yield, and WP, respectively, in comparison to the control treatment. The S_SA+ F_{SA + Mic} was determined as the best treatment that achieved the best results for all studied traits under both irrigation conditions, followed by F_{SA + Mic} and S_{SA + Mic} + F_SA under LMI in addition to F_{SA + Mac} under NI conditions. It can be concluded that the Co-A of essential plant nutrients along with SA accomplished a feasible, profitable, and easy-to-use strategy to attenuate the negative impacts of deficit irrigation stress, along with the further improvement in the growth and production of wheat under NI conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses)

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15 pages, 2310 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fulvic Acid Improves Salinity Tolerance of Rice Seedlings: Evidence from Phenotypic Performance, Relevant Phenolic Acids, and Momilactones

by Akter Jesmin, La Hoang Anh, Nguyen Phuong Mai, Tran Dang Khanh and Tran Dang Xuan

Plants 2023, 12(12), 2359; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122359 - 18 Jun 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1663

Abstract

Salinity is a severe stress that causes serious losses in rice production worldwide. This study, for the first time, investigated the effects of fulvic acid (FA) with various concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mL/L on the ability of three rice varieties, Koshihikari, Nipponbare, and Akitakomachi, to cope with a 10 dS/m salinity level. The results show that the T3 treatment (0.25 mL/L FA) is the most effective in stimulating the salinity tolerance of all three varieties by enhancing their growth performance. T3 also promotes phenolic accumulation in all three varieties. In particular, salicylic acid, a well-known salt-stress-resistant substance, is found to increase during salinity stress in Nipponbare and Akitakomachi treated with T3 by 88% and 60%, respectively, compared to crops receiving salinity treatment alone. Noticeably, the levels of momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) fall in salt-affected rice. However, their levels markedly rise in rice treated with T3 (by 50.49% and 32.20%, respectively, in Nipponbare, and by 67.76% and 47.27%, respectively, in Akitakomachi), compared to crops receiving salinity treatment alone. This implies that momilactone levels are proportional to rice tolerance against salinity. Our findings suggest that FA (0.25 mL/L) can effectively improve the salinity tolerance of rice seedlings even in the presence of a strong salt stress of 10 dS/m. Further studies on FA application in salt-affected rice fields should be conducted to confirm its practical implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses)

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16 pages, 3226 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate in Enhancing Soybean Growth and Yield

by John Quarshie Attipoe, Waleed Khan, Rupesh Tayade, Senabulya Steven, Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Liny Lay, Amit Ghimire, Hogyun Kim, Muong Sereyvichea, Then Propey, Yam Bahadur Rana and Yoonha Kim

Plants 2023, 12(11), 2190; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112190 - 31 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2607

Abstract

The application of silicon (Si) fertilizer positively impacts crop health, yield, and seed quality worldwide. Si is a “quasi-essential” element that is crucial for plant nutrition and stress response but is less associated with growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Si on the yield of cultivated soybean (Glycine max L). Two locations, Gyeongsan and Gunwi, in the Republic of Korea were selected, and a land suitability analysis was performed using QGIS version 3.28.1. The experiments at both locations consisted of three treatments: the control, Si fertilizer application at 2.3 kg per plot (9 m × 9 m) (T1), and Si fertilizer application at 4.6 kg per plot (9 m × 9 m) (T2). The agronomic, root, and yield traits, as well as vegetative indices, were analyzed to evaluate the overall impact of Si. The results demonstrated that Si had consistently significant effects on most root and shoot parameters in the two experimental fields, which led to significantly increased crop yield when compared with the control, with T2 (22.8% and 25.6%, representing an output of 2.19 and 2.24 t ha⁻¹ at Gyeongsan and Gunwi, respectively) showing a higher yield than T1 (11% and 14.2%, representing 1.98 and 2.04 t ha⁻¹ at Gyeongsan and Gunwi, respectively). These results demonstrate the positive impact of exogenous Si application on the overall growth, morphological and physiological traits, and yield output of soybeans. However, the application of the optimal concentration of Si according to the crop requirement, soil status, and environmental conditions requires further studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses)

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13 pages, 1491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Production and Fiber Characteristics of Colored Cotton Cultivares under Salt Stress and H₂O₂

by Luana Lucas de Sá Almeida Veloso, Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo, Reginaldo Gomes Nobre, Geovani Soares de Lima, José Renato Cortez Bezerra, André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva, Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima, Hans Raj Gheyi, Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares, Pedro Dantas Fernandes, Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima and Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves

Plants 2023, 12(11), 2090; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112090 - 24 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1119

Abstract

Salt stress reduces the yield and quality of colored fiber cotton production, but this problem can be mitigated by the foliar application of hydrogen peroxide in adequate concentrations. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the production and characteristics of fibers of naturally colored cotton cultivares under irrigation with low- and high-salinity water and leaf application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under a randomized block design, arranged in 4 × 3 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 25, 50, and 75 μM), three cultivares of colored fiber cotton (‘BRS Rubi’, ‘BRS Topázio’, and ‘BRS Verde’), and two electrical conductivities of water (0.8 and 5.3 dS m⁻¹), with three replicates and one plant per plot. Irrigation with water of 0.8 dS m⁻¹ associated with a foliar application of 75 μM of hydrogen peroxide favored the lint and seed weight, strength, micronaire index, and maturity of ‘BRS Topázio’. The ‘BRS Rubi’ cotton cultivar showed higher tolerance to salinity, followed by the ‘BRS Topázio’ and ‘BRS Verde’ cultivares regarding the yield of seed cotton weight, with reduction below 20% under water of 5.3 dS m⁻¹. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses)

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Review

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19 pages, 2559 KiB

Open AccessReview

Subcellular Proteomics to Elucidate Soybean Response to Abiotic Stress

by Xin Wang and Setsuko Komatsu

Plants 2023, 12(15), 2865; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152865 - 04 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1109

Abstract

Climate change jeopardizes soybean production by declining seed yield and quality. In this review, the morphophysiological alterations of soybean in response to abiotic stress are summarized, followed by illustrations of cellular metabolisms and regulatory mechanisms to organellar stress based on subcellular proteomics. This highlights the communications associated with reactive oxygen species scavenging, molecular chaperones, and phytohormone signals among subcellular compartments. Given the complexity of climate change and the limitations of plants in coping with multiple abiotic stresses, a generic response to environmental constraints is proposed between calcium and abscisic acid signals in subcellular organelles. This review summarizes the findings of subcellular proteomics in stressed soybean and discusses the future prospects of subcellular proteomics for promoting the improvement of climate-tolerant crops. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Plants Response to Abiotic Stresses)

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