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Photonics
Special Issues
Quantum Enhanced Devices and Instruments for Sensing Applications
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Quantum Enhanced Devices and Instruments for Sensing Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Quantum Photonics and Technologies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 4801

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yanhui Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Physical Science, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: quantum optomechanics; light–matter interactions; quantum optics; quantum sensing
Dr. Kai Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
Interests: quantum sensing; precision measurement; quantum metrology; atomic ensembles

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Quantum-enhanced sensors enable us to acquire unprecedent sensitivity and precision for many measurements and explorations in various scenarios, including but not limited to electric and magnetic fields, acceleration, gravity and exotic forces. Most of these applications benefit from the utilization of light–matter interactions platforms such as atomic magnetometers/comagnetometers, atomic clocks and optomechanical systems. At present, the question of how we can develop more versatile quantum sensors and further improve their performance for sensing applications is attracting great interest from researchers. This Special Issue is expected to advance and develop novel quantum-enhanced sensing technology and related techniques. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Novel design and simulation of quantum sensors;
  • Progress on improvement on quantum enhanced sensors and systems;
  • Novel principles and technology on light-matter interactions;
  • Optical detection techniques;
  • Signal detection and control of photonics devices;
  • Advanced manufacturing and integration technologies;
  • Noise analysis and suppression methods;
  • Applications using quantum enhanced sensors;
  • Other quantum metrology with optical systems.

Dr. Yanhui Hu
Dr. Kai Wei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • light–matter interactions
  • precision measurement
  • quantum optomechanics
  • optical devices and instruments
  • magnetic field and inertial sensing
  • optimization methods

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1179 KiB  
Article
Transient Heat Transfer Modeling of SERF Co-Magnetometer Atomic Ensemble Based on the Thermoelectric Analogy Method
by Jiaqi Wu, Feng Liu, Lihong Duan, Shaowei Lv, Xihui Dou and Wei Quan
Photonics 2025, 12(3), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030224 - 28 Feb 2025
Viewed by 388
Abstract
Bias instability is one of the most critical factors in the performance of spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometers. Previous studies on SERF co-magnetometers have shown that changes in the atomic ensemble temperature can lead to variations in the alkali metal atom density, which in [...] Read more.
Bias instability is one of the most critical factors in the performance of spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) co-magnetometers. Previous studies on SERF co-magnetometers have shown that changes in the atomic ensemble temperature can lead to variations in the alkali metal atom density, which in turn affect the optical rotation angle and light shift, ultimately influencing the system’s stability. Building on this understanding, this paper introduces the thermoelectric analogy method for the first time in the transient heat transfer analysis of SERF co-magnetometer atomic ensembles. Using this method, the primary factors affecting the atomic ensemble temperature in a SERF co-magnetometer were analyzed, and transient heat transfer models were established for the following processes: the interaction between the non-magnetic electric heating system and the atomic ensemble temperature, laser heating of the atomic ensemble by the optical system, and the effect of environmental temperature changes on the non-magnetic electric heating system. These models were experimentally validated through active temperature variation experiments. The experimental results show that the proposed transient heat transfer models accurately describe the related heat transfer processes of the atomic ensemble, with model fitting accuracy exceeding 98%. This lays a solid foundation for the high-precision closed-loop control of the atomic ensemble temperature in SERF co-magnetometers and provides valuable insights for the structural design and engineering applications of SERF co-magnetometers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Enhanced Devices and Instruments for Sensing Applications)
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14 pages, 1065 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Selection of the Optimal Pump Laser Power Density for SERF Co-Magnetometer Used in Rotation Sensing
by Kai Zhang, Linlin Yuan, Ze Cai, Hang Gao, Rui Wang, Pengcheng Du and Xinxiu Zhou
Photonics 2024, 11(9), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11090835 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 937
Abstract
This paper systematically studies the output noise model of the K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer and proposes the method for determining the optimal pump laser power density. The amplitude-frequency response and the equivalent model for each frequency band are obtained through the transfer function [...] Read more.
This paper systematically studies the output noise model of the K-Rb-21Ne co-magnetometer and proposes the method for determining the optimal pump laser power density. The amplitude-frequency response and the equivalent model for each frequency band are obtained through the transfer function of the co-magnetometer. Based on the established model and considering the power spectral density characteristics of magnetic noise, the output noise equation is formulated. Consequently, the pump laser power density yielding minimal output noise is determined. Both experimental and simulation results indicate that the pump laser power density yielding minimal output noise is greater than the pump laser power density corresponding to the maximum scale factor. Moreover, when the co-magnetometer operates at the pump laser power density corresponding to the minimal output noise, the output noise can be reduced by approximately 25%, and the Allan variance reaches its optimal value. The optimal Allan variance at 180 °C and 190 °C are 0.01395°/h @100 s and 0.01329°/h @100 s, respectively. Therefore, this pump laser power density is designated as the optimal pump laser power density for the co-magnetometer. Finally, simulations are conducted to investigate the variation patterns of the optimal pump laser power density points and the minimum output noise under different density ratios and gas pressures. The theories and methods proposed in this paper provide significant reference value for selecting the optimal pump laser power density and suppressing magnetic noise in co-magnetometers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Enhanced Devices and Instruments for Sensing Applications)
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9 pages, 2132 KiB  
Article
A Hermetic Package Technique for Multi-Functional Fiber Sensors through Pressure Boundary of Energy Systems Based on Glass Sealants
by Zhichun Fan, Shuda Zhong, Kehao Zhao, Qirui Wang, Yuqi Li, Guangyin Zhang, Guangqun Ma, Jieru Zhao, He Yan, Zhiyong Huang, Jyotsna Sharma and Kevin P. Chen
Photonics 2024, 11(9), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11090792 - 25 Aug 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1258
Abstract
This paper presents a hermitic fiber sensor packaging technique that enables fiber sensors to be embedded in energy systems for performing multi-parameter measurements in high-temperature and strong radiation environments. A high-temperature stable Intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) array, inscribed by a femtosecond laser direct [...] Read more.
This paper presents a hermitic fiber sensor packaging technique that enables fiber sensors to be embedded in energy systems for performing multi-parameter measurements in high-temperature and strong radiation environments. A high-temperature stable Intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) array, inscribed by a femtosecond laser direct writing scheme, is used to measure both temperature and pressure induced strain changes. To address the large disparity in thermo-expansion coefficients (TECs) between silica fibers and metal parts, glass sealants with TEC between silica optical fibers and metals were used to hermetically seal optical fiber sensors inside stainless steel metal tubes. The hermetically sealed package is validated for helium leakages between 1 MPa and 10 MPa using a helium leak detector. An IFPI sensor embedded in glass sealant was used to measure pressure. The paper demonstrates an effective technique to deploy fiber sensors to perform multi-parameter measurements in a wide range of energy systems that utilize high temperatures and strong radiation environments to achieve efficient energy production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Enhanced Devices and Instruments for Sensing Applications)
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16 pages, 4135 KiB  
Article
Simulation Analysis of Mode Hopping Impacts on OFDR Sensing Performance
by Qirui Wang, Nageswara Lalam, Kehao Zhao, Shuda Zhong, Guangyin Zhang, Ruishu Wright and Kevin P. Chen
Photonics 2024, 11(6), 580; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11060580 - 20 Jun 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1320
Abstract
This article examines the impacts of mode hopping on the sensing performance of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and explores the potential for developing economical OFDR interrogators employing low-cost distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. By conducting numerical simulations, this study reveals that mode hopping [...] Read more.
This article examines the impacts of mode hopping on the sensing performance of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and explores the potential for developing economical OFDR interrogators employing low-cost distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. By conducting numerical simulations, this study reveals that mode hopping has minimal effects on distance sensing measurements in free space due to the limited duration of beat interference signal at the incorrect frequency within the coherence length. Additionally, the simulations indicate that mode hopping only slightly affects the distributed strain sensing of OFDR, resulting in an error range of less than ±1µε when 100µε is applied to the sensing fiber. These findings highlight the potential of using low-cost DFB lasers with a 1-nm wavelength sweep range and a 1-MHz linewidth as tunable laser sources in OFDR while maintaining reliable and accurate sensing performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Enhanced Devices and Instruments for Sensing Applications)
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