Pharmacists’ Job Satisfaction

A special issue of Pharmacy (ISSN 2226-4787). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacy Practice and Practice-Based Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2022) | Viewed by 16082

Special Issue Editors

Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
Interests: health economics; health policy; human resource economics; pharmacist workforce; job satisfaction
Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
Interests: human capital; pharmacist workforce; gender, ethnic, and age group comparisons; cultural diversity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pharmacists’ job satisfaction measures practitioners’ self-assessed hapiness at work. It has been positively associated with labor market outcomes such as job performance and productivity, motivation, organizational commitment, and patient safety and satisfaction. It has been negatively correlated with job turnover, absenteeism and tardiness, and complaints and grievances against management. Understanding the sources and magnitude of the mechanisms that make pharmacists happier at work is important to healthcare employers and managers in their quest to meet practitioners’ needs, decrease the turnover of workers, and increase pharmacists’ motivation and performance. Increases in pharmacists’ job satisfaction are likely to increase the quality of pharmaceutical care provided, which leads to better patient health outcomes.

We invite you to share your research into the dynamics of the forces shaping pharmacists’ job satisfaction in order to help design and implement policies that efficiently allocate human resources within various pharmacy settings. We hope this Special Issue will inspire healthcare managers, employers, and policymakers to smooth the pathways of communication, more adequately meet practitioners’ needs, and promote teamwork.

Prof. Dr. Ioana Popovici
Prof. Dr. Manuel J. Carvajal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • age/ethnic/gender disparities
  • employee retention and turnover
  • human capital
  • job atmosphere
  • job-related preferences
  • job satisfaction
  • opinions
  • organizational commitment
  • perceptions
  • pharmacist workforce
  • practice setting

Published Papers (4 papers)

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18 pages, 282 KiB  
Article
Assessing Job Satisfaction and Stress among Pharmacists in Cyprus
by Georgios Stavrou, Olga Ch. Siskou, Michael A. Talias and Petros Galanis
Pharmacy 2022, 10(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy10040089 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3947
Abstract
Background: Inadequate staffing, increased responsibilities and a high workload are some of the factors that are directly related to stress levels experienced by pharmacists, which in turn affect job satisfaction. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess job satisfaction [...] Read more.
Background: Inadequate staffing, increased responsibilities and a high workload are some of the factors that are directly related to stress levels experienced by pharmacists, which in turn affect job satisfaction. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess job satisfaction and stress levels of pharmacists in Cyprus, involving those working in the public and private sector. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed which involved the completion of the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) questionnaire to estimate job satisfaction, and the Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS-14) questionnaire to evaluate perceived stress. Data collection took place between January and March 2020 and the participation rate was 71.6% (n = 585). Results: Employees in private pharmacies overall reported higher levels of job satisfaction compared to public sector pharmacists. Public sector pharmacists were found to have stronger self-efficacy beliefs compared to other groups (p < 0.001). Female pharmacists had a higher average level of perceived helplessness than male pharmacists (p = 0.001). Regarding public sector pharmacists, it was generally observed that pharmacists working under the management of the Ministry of Health (MoH) had reduced job satisfaction than those working for other organizations. Additionally, pharmacists working under the management of the State Health Services Organization (SHSO) had the least overall perceived stress levels (p = 0.008), high self-efficacy beliefs (p = 0.006) and low perceived helplessness (p = 0.031) compared to pharmacists in other workplaces. Employees of private pharmacies were found to have higher levels of job satisfaction (p < 0.001) than SHSO pharmacists. However, those employees demonstrated increased perceived stress levels (p < 0.001) in comparison with SHSO pharmacists. Conclusions: Pharmacists’ job satisfaction is negatively correlated with perceived stress levels and helplessness, and positively correlated with self-efficacy beliefs. In the public sector, it seems that a re-evaluation is critical regarding the determinants that adversely influence job satisfaction amongst pharmacists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacists’ Job Satisfaction)
16 pages, 293 KiB  
Article
Gender and Pharmacists’ Career Satisfaction in the United States
by Manuel J. Carvajal, Ioana Popovici and Patrick C. Hardigan
Pharmacy 2021, 9(4), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9040173 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2712
Abstract
Job satisfaction reflects pharmacists’ evaluation of their current work experiences, while career satisfaction is an evaluation of how satisfied pharmacists are with their profession across various jobs. The objectives of this article were to measure career satisfaction and specific facets of current-job satisfaction [...] Read more.
Job satisfaction reflects pharmacists’ evaluation of their current work experiences, while career satisfaction is an evaluation of how satisfied pharmacists are with their profession across various jobs. The objectives of this article were to measure career satisfaction and specific facets of current-job satisfaction of U.S. pharmacists, compare satisfaction across genders, and examine the determinants of career satisfaction. This study was based on self-reported survey data collected from a random sample of licensed pharmacists practicing throughout the United States. The sample consisted of 422 men and 315 women. Within each gender, pharmacists’ career satisfaction was modeled using ordinary least squares as a function of three sets of variables: personal characteristics, earnings and workweek, and other job-related variables. Female pharmacists exhibited higher levels of contentment with their careers than their male counterparts. Their career-satisfaction levels were not affected by age, marital status, annual earnings, or average workweek, covariates that systematically influenced male pharmacists’ career satisfaction. Job satisfaction substantially affected pharmacists’ long-term career satisfaction. Male and female pharmacists responded differently to stimuli, so a uniform set of work-related incentives may not be effective for both genders. Initiatives perceived by male practitioners as increasing satisfaction may be adversely perceived by female practitioners, and vice-versa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacists’ Job Satisfaction)
13 pages, 565 KiB  
Article
Use of the Professional Fulfillment Index in Pharmacists: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
by Olajide O. Fadare, William R. Doucette, Caroline A. Gaither, Jon C. Schommer, Vibhuti Arya, Brianne Bakken, David H. Kreling, David A. Mott and Matthew J. Witry
Pharmacy 2021, 9(4), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9040158 - 26 Sep 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2994
Abstract
Most research on pharmacist professional wellbeing has focused on measuring burnout. However, using valid and reliable instruments to assess professional fulfillment in pharmacists can expand understanding of pharmacists’ professional wellbeing. This study aimed to (1) establish the validity of the Professional Fulfillment Index [...] Read more.
Most research on pharmacist professional wellbeing has focused on measuring burnout. However, using valid and reliable instruments to assess professional fulfillment in pharmacists can expand understanding of pharmacists’ professional wellbeing. This study aimed to (1) establish the validity of the Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) for a sample of pharmacists licensed in the United States (US) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and (2) compare the professional wellbeing of pharmacists across demographics and work settings. Data for this study were obtained from the 2019 National Pharmacy Workforce Survey (NPWS). The survey assessed pharmacist professional wellbeing using the PFI. The model fit of the PFI was assessed using CFA. Multiple linear regression was used to compare pharmacist wellbeing across demographics and work settings. The CFA affirmed that the PFI possesses a satisfactory model fit for use in pharmacists. Regression analysis showed higher burnout (work exhaustion and interpersonal disengagement) was associated with decreasing age, being female, working more hours, and working in a community pharmacy. Higher professional fulfillment was associated with men, and working in non-community pharmacy work settings. The PFI is a psychometrically reliable and valid instrument for assessing the professional wellbeing of pharmacists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacists’ Job Satisfaction)
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10 pages, 568 KiB  
Commentary
Pharmacy Practice in High-Volume Community Settings: Barriers and Ethical Responsibilities
by Christopher T. Owens and Ralph Baergen
Pharmacy 2021, 9(2), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9020074 - 03 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5304
Abstract
Pharmaceutical care describes a philosophy and practice paradigm that calls upon pharmacists to work with other healthcare professionals and patients to achieve optimal health outcomes. Among the most accessible health professionals, pharmacists have responsibilities to individual patients and to public health, and this [...] Read more.
Pharmaceutical care describes a philosophy and practice paradigm that calls upon pharmacists to work with other healthcare professionals and patients to achieve optimal health outcomes. Among the most accessible health professionals, pharmacists have responsibilities to individual patients and to public health, and this has been especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists in high-volume community settings provide a growing number of clinical services (i.e., immunizations and point-of-care testing), but according to job satisfaction and workplace survey data, demands related to filling prescriptions, insufficient staffing, and working conditions are often not optimal for these enhanced responsibilities and lead to job dissatisfaction. Professional codes of ethics require a high level of practice that is currently difficult to maintain due to a number of related barriers. In this paper, we summarize recent changes to the scope of practice of pharmacists, cite ethical responsibilities from the American Pharmacists Association Code of Ethics, review data and comments from workplace surveys, and make a call for change. Corporate managers, state boards of pharmacy, and professional organizations have a shared responsibility to work with community pharmacists in all settings to find solutions that ensure optimal and ethical patient care. Attention to these areas will enhance patient care and increase job satisfaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacists’ Job Satisfaction)
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