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Pharmaceutics
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Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Biologics
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Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Biologics

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Biologics and Biosimilars".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2024) | Viewed by 4233

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes

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Guest Editor
1. Sports Medicine Division, Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
2. Hospital Sírio Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Interests: bone defects; orthopaedic biologics; cell therapy; tissue engineering; dentistry; cleft lip and palate
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daniela Franco Bueno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Dentistry Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
2. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Interests: osteoarthritis; cartilage repair; orthopaedic biologics; cell therapy; tissue engineering; orthopaedics; sports medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to welcome you to this Special Issue on osteoarthritis and cartilage biologics. Osteoarthritis and cartilage injuries are a public health problem, highly disabling, have no cure, and represent an economic burden to the healthcare system.

Currently, there are no satisfactory treatments. Therefore advances in this area of orthopedic biologics, including cell therapy, are promising for promoting osteoarthritis healing and cartilage repair.

This Special Issue aims to cover the recent advances and emerging technologies on osteoarthritis and cartilage research, along with new treatments and drugs in orthobiologics, considering a wide range of therapies. Original research articles and reviews are welcome.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: orthopedic biologics, cell therapy and tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, pharmaceutical formulations, and other innovative models.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes
Dr. Daniela Franco Bueno
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • osteoarthritis
  • cartilage repair
  • biologics
  • orthobiologics
  • cartilage repair
  • therapy
  • cells
  • tissue engineering
  • stem cells
  • mesenchymal stromal cells
  • intra-articular injections
  • drug discovery

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1790 KiB  
Article
The Effect of TGF-β3 and IL-1β on L-Type Voltage-Operated Calcium Channels and Calcium Ion Homeostasis in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes and Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells During Chondrogenesis
by Anastasiia Shelest, Aidas Alaburda, Raminta Vaiciuleviciute, Ilona Uzieliene, Paulina Bialaglovyte and Eiva Bernotiene
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(3), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030343 - 7 Mar 2025
Viewed by 839
Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) are key regulators of the chondrogenic differentiation, physiology and pathology of cartilage tissue, with TGF-β promoting chondrogenesis and matrix formation, while IL-1β exerts catabolic effects, inhibiting chondrogenesis and contributing to cartilage degradation. Both cytokines [...] Read more.
Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) are key regulators of the chondrogenic differentiation, physiology and pathology of cartilage tissue, with TGF-β promoting chondrogenesis and matrix formation, while IL-1β exerts catabolic effects, inhibiting chondrogenesis and contributing to cartilage degradation. Both cytokines alter the intracellular calcium ion (iCa2+) levels; however, the exact pathways are not known. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of TGF-β3 and IL-1β on calcium homeostasis in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) and chondrocytes during chondrogenesis. Results: TGF-β3 increased iCa2+ levels in both hBM-MSCs and chondrocytes. Furthermore, TGF-β3 increased the functional activity of L-type voltage-operated calcium channels (L-VOCCs) in hBM-MSCs but not in chondrocytes. TGF-β3 and IL-1β reduced L-VOCCs subunit CaV1.2 (CACNA1C) gene expression in chondrocytes. In hBM-MSCs, TGF-β3 and IL-1β increased SERCA pump (ATP2A2) gene expression, while in chondrocytes, this effect was observed only with TGF-β3. Conclusions: TGF-β3 increases iCa2+ both in osteoarthritic chondrocytes and hBM-MSCs during chondrogenesis. In hBM-MSCs, TGF-β3-mediated elevation in iCa2+ is related to the increased functional activity of L-VOCCs. IL-1β does not change iCa2+ in osteoarthritic chondrocytes and hBM-MSCs; however, it initiates the mechanisms leading to further downregulation of iCa2+ in both types of cells. The differential and cell-specific roles of TGF-β3 and IL-1β in the calcium homeostasis of osteoarthritic chondrocytes and hBM-MSCs during chondrogenesis may provide a new insight into future strategies for cartilage repair and osteoarthritis treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Biologics)
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15 pages, 6353 KiB  
Article
Tissue Engineering Construct for Articular Cartilage Restoration with Stromal Cells from Synovium vs. Dental Pulp—A Pre-Clinical Study
by Tiago Lazzaretti Fernandes, João Paulo Cortez Santanna, Rafaella Rogatto de Faria, Enzo Radaic Pastore, Daniela Franco Bueno and Arnaldo José Hernandez
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(12), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16121558 - 5 Dec 2024
Viewed by 991
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cartilage injuries and osteoarthritis are prevalent public health problems, due to their disabling nature and economic impact. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissues have the immunomodulatory capacity to regulate local joint environment. This translational study aims to compare cartilage restoration [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Cartilage injuries and osteoarthritis are prevalent public health problems, due to their disabling nature and economic impact. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissues have the immunomodulatory capacity to regulate local joint environment. This translational study aims to compare cartilage restoration from MSCs from the synovial membrane (SM) and dental pulp (DP) by a tissue-engineered construct with Good Manufacturing Practices. Methods: A controlled experimental study was conducted on fourteen miniature pigs, using scaffold-free Tissue Engineering Constructs (TECs) from DP and SM MSCs, with a 6-month follow-up. Total thickness cartilage defects were created in both hind knees; one side was left untreated and the other received a TEC from either DP (n = 7) or SM (n = 7). An MRI assessed the morphology using the MOCART scoring system, T2 mapping evaluated water, and collagen fiber composition, and histological analysis was performed using the ICRS-2 score. Results: The untreated group had a mean MOCART value of 46.2 ± 13.4, while the SM-treated group was 65.7 ± 15.5 (p < 0.05) and the DP-treated group was 59.0 ± 7.9 (n.s.). The T2 mapping indicated a mean value of T2 of 54.9 ± 1.9 for native cartilage, with the untreated group at 50.9 ± 2.4 (p < 0.05). No difference was found between the T2 value of native cartilage and the treated groups. The ICRS-2 mean values were 42.1 ± 14.8 for the untreated group, 64.3 ± 19.0 for SM (p < 0.05), and 54.3 ± 12.2 for DP (n.s.). Conclusion: MRI and histological analysis indicated that TEC treatment led to superior cartilage coverage and quality compared to the defect group. TECs from SM demonstrated better results than the defect group in the histological assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Biologics)
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Review

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19 pages, 1816 KiB  
Review
Forty Years of the Use of Cells for Cartilage Regeneration: The Research Side
by Livia Roseti, Carola Cavallo, Giovanna Desando, Martina D’Alessandro and Brunella Grigolo
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(12), 1622; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16121622 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1756
Abstract
Background: The treatment of articular cartilage damage has always represented a problem of considerable practical interest for orthopedics. Over the years, many surgical techniques have been proposed to induce the growth of repairing tissue and limit degeneration. In 1994, the turning point occurred: [...] Read more.
Background: The treatment of articular cartilage damage has always represented a problem of considerable practical interest for orthopedics. Over the years, many surgical techniques have been proposed to induce the growth of repairing tissue and limit degeneration. In 1994, the turning point occurred: implanted autologous cells paved the way for a new treatment option based more on regeneration than repair. Objectives: This review aims to outline biological and clinical advances, from the use of mature adult chondrocytes to cell-derived products, going through progenitor cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue and their concentrates for articular cartilage repair. Moreover, it highlights the relevance of gene therapy as a valuable tool for successfully implementing current regenerative treatments, and overcoming the limitations of the local delivery of growth factors. Conclusions: Finally, this review concludes with an outlook on the importance of understanding the role and mechanisms of action of the different cell compounds with a view to implementing personalized treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Biologics)
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